Apartments in Tokyo

Apartments in Tokyo

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Tokyo is one of the prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshu-. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the city of Tokyo in the eastern part of the prefecture.

Tokyo was originally known as Edo, meaning estuary. Its name was changed to Tokyo (To-kyo-: to- (east) + kyo- (capital)) when it became the imperial capital in 1868. During the early Meiji period, the city was also called "To-kei", an alternative pronunciation for the same Chinese characters representing Tokyo. Some surviving official English documents use the spelling "Tokei". This pronunciation is now obsolete.

he mainland portion of Tokyo lies northwest of Tokyo Bay and measures about 90 km east to west and 25 km north to south. Chiba Prefecture borders it to the east, Yamanashi to the west, Kanagawa to the south, and Saitama to the north. Mainland Tokyo is further subdivided into the special wards (occupying the eastern half) and the Tama area stretching westwards.

Also within the administrative boundaries of Tokyo Metropolis are two island chains in the Pacific Ocean directly south: the Izu Islands, and the Ogasawara Islands, which stretch more than 1,000 km away from mainland Japan. Because of these islands and mountainous regions to the west, Tokyo's overall population density figures far underrepresent the real figures for urban and suburban regions of Tokyo.

Its administrative structure is similar to that of Japan's other prefectures. Within Tokyo lie dozens of smaller entities, most of them conventionally referred to as cities. It includes twenty-three special wards which until 1943 comprised the city of Tokyo but are now separate, self-governing municipalities, each with a mayor and a council, and having the status of a city. In addition to these 23 municipalities, Tokyo also encompasses 26 more cities, five towns, and eight villages each of which has a local government. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is headed by a publicly elected governor and metropolitan assembly. Its headquarters are in the ward of Shinjuku. They govern all of Tokyo, including lakes, rivers, dams, farms, remote islands, and national parks in addition to its famous neon jungle, skyscrapers and crowded subways.

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Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo. In 1457, O-ta Do-kan built Edo Castle. In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu made Edo his base and when he became shogun in 1603, the town became the center of his nationwide military government. During the subsequent Edo period, Edo grew into one of the largest cities in the world with a population topping one million by the 18th century. It became the de facto capital of Japan[6] even while the emperor lived in Kyoto, the imperial capital. After about 263 years, the shogunate was overthrown under the banner of restoring imperial rule. In 1869, the 17-year-old Emperor Meiji moved to Edo. Tokyo was already the nation's political and cultural center, and the emperor's residence made it a de facto imperial capital as well with the former Edo Castle becoming the Imperial Palace. The city of Tokyo was established, and continued to be the capital until it was abolished as a municipality in 1943 and merged with the "Metropolitan Prefecture" of Tokyo.

Central Tokyo, like Osaka, has been designed since about the turn of the century (1900) to be centered around major train stations in a high-density fashion, so suburban railways were built relatively cheaply at street level and with their own right-of-way.

Tokyo went on to suffer two major catastrophes in the 20th century, but it recovered from both. One was the 1923 Great Kanto- earthquake, and the other was World War II. The firebombings in 1945, with 75,000 to 200,000 killed and half of the city destroyed, were almost as devastating as the atomic bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined. After the war, Tokyo was completely rebuilt, and showcased to the world during the 1964 Summer Olympics. The 1970s brought new high-rise developments such as Sunshine 60, a new and controversial airport at Narita in 1978 (some distance outside city limits), and a population increase to about 11 million (in the metropolitan area).

Tokyo's subway and commuter rail network became one of the busiest in the world, as more and more people moved to the area. In the 1980s, real estate prices skyrocketed during an economic bubble. The bubble burst in the early 1990s and many companies, banks, and individuals were caught with real estate shrinking in value. A major recession followed, making the 1990s Japan's "lost decade" from which it is slowly recovering. Tokyo still sees new urban developments on large lots of less profitable land. Recent projects include Ebisu Garden Place, Tennozu Isle, Shiodome, Roppongi Hills, Shinagawa (now also a Shinkansen station), and the Marunouchi side of Tokyo Station. Buildings of significance are demolished for more up-to-date shopping facilities such as Omotesando Hills. Land reclamation projects in Tokyo have also been going on for centuries. The most prominent is the Odaiba area, now a major shopping and entertainment center. Various plans have been proposed for transferring national government functions from Tokyo to secondary capitals in other regions of Japan, in order to slow down rapid development in Tokyo and revitalize economically lagging areas of the country. These plans have been controversial within Japan and have yet to be realized.

Tokyo Bay is surrounded by the Boso Peninsula (Chiba Prefecture) to the east and the Miura Peninsula (Kanagawa Prefecture) to the west. In a narrow sense, Tokyo Bay is the area north of the straight line formed by the Cape Kannon (Kannon-zaki) on the Miura Peninsula on one end and Cape Futtsu ( Futtsu-misaki) on the Boso Peninsula on the other end.

Islands in the region or near the region include

Dream Island
Odaiba
Saru Island
Heiwa Island
Katsushima
Showa Island
Keihin Island
Katsushima
Hakkeijima
Higashi Ogijima
Tokyo International Airport

Tokyo Bay was the venue for Commodore Matthew Perry's early negotiations with the Japanese bakufu in the 1850s, as well as most official Japanese-European contacts preceding the Meiji Restoration.

The Japanese Instrument of Surrender at the end of World War II was signed onboard USS Missouri moored in the Bay on 2 September 1945. During the ceremony a flag from one of Perry's ships was flown.

Special wards of Tokyo include or have included ; Adachi, Arakawa, Bunkyo-, Chiyoda, Chu-o-, Edogawa, Itabashi, Katsushika, Kita, Ko-to-, Meguro, Minato, Nakano, Nerima, O-ta, Setagaya , Shibuya, Shinagawa, Shinjuku, Suginami, Sumida, Taito-, Toshima.

Tokyo has many universities, junior colleges, and vocational schools. Many of Japan's most prestigious universities are in Tokyo, including University of Tokyo, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Waseda University, and Keio University.

Sports teams in Tokyo include or have included

Football (soccer)

F.C. Tokyo
Tokyo Verdy 1969
Sagawa Express Tokyo S.C. (Ko-to-)
Yokogawa Musashino F.C. (Musashino)

Baseball

Yomiuri Giants
Tokyo Yakult Swallows

Ice Hockey

Seibu Prince Rabbits (Nishito-kyo-)

Basketball

Tokyo Apache (Ariake Coliseum)

Volleyball

NEC Blue Rockets (Fuchu-)

Rugby

Ricoh Black Rams (Setagaya)
Suntory Sungoliath (Fuchu-)
Toshiba Brave Lupus (Fuchu-)

Tennis

Tokyo has hosted one of the ten prestigious Tier I tournaments on the women's tennis tour (WTA) and it takes place in September after the US Open. Tokyo has also hosted a tennis event on the men's ATP tour.

Olympics

Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics, the first modern olympiad held in Asia.

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