Cluj Napoca Hotels
Hotels in Cluj Napoca are often required for tourists who want to visit the city. Some may want to visit the city to see the architecture and culture of the famous Romanian city. Some may want to stay at a luxury or cheap hotel. Some may want to stay at hotels that have high status.
Hotels in the city of Cluj Napoca are often needed for tourists who may want to visit the famous city. Some may want to have access to large hotels or small hotels. Some may want to stay at a hotels that are well known and have high status. Some may want to stay at a hotels that have a good reputation.
The city spreads out from St. Michael's Church in Unirii Square, built in the 14th century and named after the Archangel Michael, the patron saint of Cluj-Napoca. The boundaries of the municipality contain an area of 179.52 square kilometres. An analysis undertaken by the real estate agency Profesional Casa indicates that, because of infrastructure development, communes such as Feleacu, Vâlcele, Ma(rtines,ti, Jucu and Baciu will eventually become neighbourhoods of the city, thereby enlarging its area.
Cluj-Napoca experienced a decade of decline during the 1990s, its international reputation suffering from the policies of its mayor of the time, Gheorghe Funar. His acts of ethnic provocation against the Hungarian-speaking minority did much to deter investors; however, the situation changed dramatically after his ouster, with the city entering a period of rapid growth in terms of economics and demographics. Today, the city is one of the most important academic, cultural, industrial and business centres in Romania. Among other institutions, it hosts the largest university in the country, Babes,-Bolyai University, with its famous botanical garden; nationally renowned cultural institutions; as well as the largest Romanian-owned commercial bank. Monocle magazine identified Cluj-Napoca as one of the top five places worldwide that are due their turn in the international spotlight during 2008. According to the American magazine InformationWeek, Cluj-Napoca is quickly becoming Romania's technopolis.
The Roman Empire conquered Dacia in AD 101 and 106, during the rule of Trajan, and the Roman settlement Napoca, established thereafter, is first recorded on a milestone discovered in 1758 in the vicinity of the city. Trajan's successor Hadrian granted Napoca the status of municipium as municipium Aelium Hadrianum Napocenses. Later, in the 2nd century AD, he city gained the status of a colonia as Colonia Aurelia Napoca. Napoca became a provincial capital of Dacia Porolissensis and thus the seat of a procurator. The colonia was evacuated in 274 by the Romans.[ There are no references to urban settlement on the site for the better part of a millennium thereafter.
At the beginning of the
Middle Ages, two groups of buildings existed on the current site of the city:
the wooden fortress at Cluj-Ma(na(s,tur (Kolozsmonostor) and the civilian settlement
developed around the current Piat,a Muzeului (Museum Place) in the city centre.
Although the precise date of the conquest of Transylvania by the Magyars is not
known, the earliest Magyar artefacts found in the region are dated to the first
half of the 10th century. In any case, after that time, the city became part of
the Kingdom of Hungary. King Stephen I made the city the seat of the castle county
of Kolozs, and King Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary founded the abbey of Cluj-Ma(na(s,tur
(Kolozsmonostor), destroyed during the Tatar invasions in 1241 and 1285. As for
the civilian colony, a castle and a village were built to the northwest of the
ancient Napoca at the earliest in the late 12th century. This new village was
settled by large groups of Transylvanian Saxons, encouraged during the reign of
Crown Prince Stephen, Duke of Transylvania. The settlement's first reliable mention
dates to 1275, in a document of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary, when the village
(Villa Kulusvar) was granted to the Bishop of Transylvania. On August 19, 1316,
during the rule of the new king, Charles I of Hungary, Cluj was granted the status
of a city (Latin civitas), as a reward for the Saxons' contribution to the defeat
of the rebellious Transylvanian voivode, Ladislaus Kán
The Palace of
Justice
Many craft guilds were established in the second half of the 13th century, and a patrician stratum based in commerce and craft production displaced the older landed elite in the town's leadership. Through the privilege granted by Sigismund of Luxembourg in 1405, the city opted out from the jurisdiction of voivodes, vice-voivodes and royal judges, and obtained the right to elect a twelve-member jury every year. In 1488, King Matthias Corvinus (born in Klausenburg in 1440) ordered that the centumvirate—the city council, consisting of one hundred men—be half composed from the homines bone conditiones (the wealthy people), with craftsmen supplying the other half; together they would elect the chief judge and the jury. Meanwhile, an agreement was reached providing that half of the representatives on this city council were to be drawn from the Hungarian, half from the Saxon population, and that judicial offices were to be held on a rotating basis. In 1541, Klausenburg became part of the independent Principality of Transylvania after the Ottoman Turks occupied the central part of the Kingdom of Hungary; a period of economic and cultural flourishing followed. Although Alba Iulia (Gyulafehérvár) served as a political capital for the princes of Transylvania, Klausenburg enjoyed the support of the princes to a greater extent, thus establishing connections with the most important centers of Eastern Europe at that time, like Košice (Kassa), Kraków, Prague and Vienna.
In terms of religion, reforming
ideas first appeared in the middle of the 16th century. During Gáspár
Heltai's service as preacher, the Lutheran trend grew in importance, as did the
Swiss doctrine of Calvinism. By 1571, the Turda (Torda) Diet had adopted a more
radical religion, Ferenc Dávid's Unitarianism, characterised by the free
interpretation of the Bible and denial of the dogma of the Trinity. Stephen Báthory
founded a Jesuit academy in Klausenburg in order to promote an anti-Reform movement;
however, it did not have much success. For a year, in 1600–1601, Cluj became
part of the personal union of Michael the Brave. With the Treaty of Carlowitz
in 1699, Klausenburg became part of the Habsburg Monarchy.
In the 17th century, Cluj suffered from great calamities, being subjected to plague and devastating fires. The end of this century brought the end of Turkish sovereignty, but found the city bereft of much of its wealth, municipal freedom, cultural centrality, political significance and even population. It gradually regained its important position within Transylvania as the headquarters of the Gubernium and the Diets between 1719 and 1732, and again from 1790 until the revolution in 1848, when the Gubernium moved to Hermannstadt. In 1791, a group of Romanian intellectuals drew up a petition, known as Supplex Libellus Valachorum, which was sent to the Emperor in Vienna. The petition demanded the equality of the Romanian nation in Transylvania in respect to the other nations governed by the Unio Trium Nationum, but it was rejected by the Cluj Diet.
Beginning in 1830, the city became the centre of the Hungarian national movement within the principality. This erupted with the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, where at one point the Austrians were gaining control of Transylvania, trapping the Hungarians between two flanks. However, the Hungarian army, headed by the Polish general Józef Bem, launched an offensive in Transylvania, recapturing Klausenburg by Christmas 1848 After the 1848 an absolute regime was established, followed by a liberal regime that came to power in 1860. It was in this period when equal rights were granted to the Romanians, but only briefly, as in 1865, the Diet in Cluj abolished the laws voted in Sibiu, and proclaimed the 1848 Law concerning the Union of Transylvania with Hungary. Before 1918, the city's only Romanian-language schools were two church-run elementary schools, and the first printed Romanian periodical appeared in 1903.
After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Klausenburg and all of Transylvania
were again integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary. During this time, Kolozsvár
was among the largest and most important cities of the kingdom, and was the seat
of Kolozs County. However, the situation of ethnic Romanians in Transylvania was
poor, due to the oppression and persecution they underwent. This found expression
in the Transylvanian Memorandum, a petition sent in 1892 by the political leaders
of Transylvania's Romanians to the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph. It asked for
equal rights with the Hungarians and demanded an end to persecutions and Magyarisation
attempts. The Emperor forwarded the memorandum to Budapest, and its authors, among
them Ioan Rat,iu and Iuliu Coroianu, were tried and sentenced to long prison terms
for "high treason" in Kolozsvár/Cluj in May 1894. During the
trial, approximately 20,000 people who had come to Cluj demonstrated on the streets
of the city in support of the defendants.
On September 26, 1895, Emperor Franz Joseph visited nearby Bánffy-Hunyad following the end of the Hungarian Army manoeuvres in Transylvania and was given an enthusiastic welcome by the townspeople, who built an arch decorated with the region's flowers and plants for the occasion. In 1897, the Hungarian government decided that only Hungarian place names should be used and therefore prohibited the use of the German or Romanian versions of the city's name on official government documents.
Cluj-Napoca, located in the central part of Transylvania, has a surface area of 179.5 square kilometres (69.3 sq mi). The city lies at the confluence of the Apuseni Mountains, the Somes, plateau and the Transylvanian plain. It sprawls over the valleys of Somes,ul Mic and Nada(s,, and, to some extent over the secondary valleys of the Popes,ti, Chinta(u, Borhanci and Popii rivers. The southern part of the city occupies the upper terrace of the northern slope of Feleac Hill, and is surrounded on three sides by hills or mountains with heights between 500 metres (1,600 ft) and 700 metres (2,300 ft). The Somes, plateau is situated to the east, while the northern part of town includes Dealurile Clujului ("the Hills of Cluj"), with the peaks, Lombului (684 m), Dealul Melcului (617 m), Techinta(u (633 m), Hoia (506 m) and Gârba(u (570 m). Other hills are located in the western districts, and the hills of Calvaria and Ceta(t,uia (Belvedere) are located near the centre of city.
Built on the banks of Somes,ul Mic River, the city is also crossed over by brooks or streams such as Pârâul T,iganilor, Pârâul Popes,ti, Pârâul Na(da(s,el, Pârâul Chintenilor, Pârâul Becas,, Pârâul Mura(torii; Canalul Morilor runs through the centre of town.
A wide variety of flora grow in the Cluj-Napoca Botanical Garden; some animals have also found refuge there. The city has a number of other parks, of which the largest is the Central Park. This park was founded during the 19th century and includes an artificial lake with an island, as well as the largest casino in the city, Chios. Other notable parks in the city are the Iuliu Hat,ieganu Park of the Babes,-Bolyai University, which features some sport facilities, the Has,deu Park, within the eponymous student housing district, the high-elevation Ceta(t,uia, and the Opera Park, behind the building of the Romanian Opera.
The city is surrounded by forests and grasslands.
Rare species of plants, such as Venus's slipper and iris, are found in the two
botanical reservations of Cluj-Napoca, Fânat,ele Clujului and Rezervat,ia
Valea Morii ("Mill Valley Reservation"). Animals such as boars, badgers,
foxes, rabbits and squirrels live in nearby forest areas such as Fa(get and Hoia.
The latter forest hosts the Romulus Vuia ethnographical park, with exhibits dating
back to 1678. Various urban myths report alien encounters in the Hoia-Baciu forest,
large networks of catacombs that connect the old churches of the city, or the
presence of a monster in the nearby lake of Tarnit,a.
A modern, 750-metre (820 yd)-long ski resort is sits on Feleac Hill, with an altitude difference of 98 metres between its highest and lowest points. This ski resort offers outdoor lighting, artificial snow and a ski tow.[69] Ba(is,oara winter resort is located approximately 50 kilometres from the city of Cluj-Napoca, and includes two ski trails, for beginner and advanced skiers, respectively: Zidul Mare and Zidul Mic. Two other summer resorts/spas are included in the metropolitan area, namely Cojocna and Somes,eni Baths.
There are a large number of castles in the countryside surroundings, constructed by wealthy medieval families living in the city. The most notable of them is the Bont,ida Bánffy Castle—once known as "the Versailles of Transylvania" —in the nearby village of Bont,ida, 32 kilometres ( from the city centre. In 1963, the castle was used as a set for Liviu Ciulei's film Forest of the Hanged, which won an award at Cannes.
Cluj
Napoca Hotels
Grand World Villas - Find a Villa from anywhere in the world
Grand Global Villas - Find Villas from Around the Globe
An Index with links to almost all our sites
Holiday
to - Great places to go on Holiday to
Holiday
to 2 - More Great places to go on Holiday to
Holiday to 3 - More places to go on Holiday to
Holiday to 4 - More places to go on Holiday to
Find a Cottage in Britain or Ireland
Find more Cottages in Britain, Ireland, North America or the world
Banks - A page on Financial Affairs
Large holiday houses in Scotland
Holiday cottages Karlstad Sweden
Cheap family holidays in Mallorca