Victorian El Nino famines
The late Victorian El Nino famines of the late 19th century were across the third world, and among the worst in world history which killed over 20million people, in the late 19th and early 20th century.
According to the leading historians on the subject, they were added to, and mostly made up of, by colonial ineptitude, and the immense scale was very rare before the onset of the dictatorial racist regimes there. The famines hit worst in colonial India, imperial China, and imperial Brazil, as each's leaders, lived in luxury, and the free market.
The leaders of the countries during the massive disasters, were the emperors, and empress of China, Royals of Britain, and China, and of course. China's imperial leaders who ruled over a famine that killed 10/22.8million in the 1870s, and in the 1890s 10million. On top of this there were some other disasters in that era in China, such as a 27million death famine in the 1900s.
In India, the disaster, was essentially as bad, in a smaller country,
Buy
the great book Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the
Third World
A famine in Morocco, aided by European states, greed for cash, there, and royal misrule killed 3 million.
In Brazil the imperial government saw a million die in the 1870s, and a million die under their coffee usurping successors in the 1890s,
The major sources claim that farmers, were pushed off their land by cash crops, having to mortgage, or remortgage, or finance their homes, or sell land to lenders. This made no difference though as they ended up with no money pr food, in long famines, and no way out. British colonial forces and leaders, at times lived in luxury as if they were having a holiday in India, while the disasters struck, and believed in free market ideals that it was not their job to help them, other than give minimal help. The railways, were used to travel to Bengal and actually take food out of famine regions abroad to other areas. for profit, by lords, and British Right wing leaders, acceptance, and aims for money.
Most history books do not mention these facts, as they do not fit in with their pro-colonial, pro-inequality attitudes,
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A list of many of the famines, across Human History, the longest list I have ever seen of these
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Main book source, look in the famous internet book stores.
Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World: Mike Davis
www.soton.ac.uk/~pg2/HI312bl01.html - 214k a extensive book list
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British Red Cross www.redcross.org.uk
International Red Cross www.ifrc.org
Books
Famines in India 1860-1925: B.M. Bhatia
India’s historical
demography: studies in famine, disease and society (1990): T. Dyson (ed.)H
Famine in British India: J. Kynch,
Famines and poverty in India: H.K. Mishra,
The history of Indian famines 1858-1918: H.S. Srivastava,
‘When
the rains failed: famine, relief and mortality in British India’: I. Klein,
Population growth and mortality in British India: the demographic revolution’,:
I. Klein,
‘Famines, epidemics and population-growth: the case of India’:
M.B. McAlpin,JIH, 14 (1983)
‘Women in famine: the paradox of status in
India’, A. Mehtabunisa,
‘The British and the moneylender in Nineteenth-Century
India’, Thomas R. Metcalf,
‘Markets and famines: a simple test with
Indian data’: Cormac Ó Gráda
Another site on the El Nino Famines, very much like this one
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