The Victorian El Nino famines
China
In
1855 the Anhui plains are ruined,
As the Yangzi River redirects to Shandong,
203KM N,
Which declines, aidless,
The reason for this was,
Ss the central
government gave up on spending cash to protect these schemes,
Indeed it had
been reducing spending to levels,
Which made it to expensive to retain them
in the 1820s-40s,
And that was when the damage was made too much to control,
Jiahuashan's
high shrines above mist covered forest some valleys,
Where people cross wooden
rope bridges, swaying, shaking, creaking,
Some of these people, up here for
spiritual enlightenment,
Some are monks, some are tourists,
Lets say mid
100s of Chinese died of poverty oppression in Australia, & worse,
And high
10s in NZ, partly moving there as of famines,
The 70s El Nino, N famine,
saw 10/22.8million die,
The El Nino being a change in weather patterns, that
every decades or so brought drier,
Weather to much of Asia, stopping the Monsoons,
or limiting them,
& seeing other areas get wetter, seeing people move
into there, famines in those areas,
Which have bad governance & planning,
& vulnerability, & no charity relief,
I mean there could have been
no deaths in great charity & planning,
Instead of great massacring a of
at least 10s of refugees in the famine & such,
Malnutrition, Irish famine
style limiting of aid, for greed reasons,
And smallpox spreading mass refugee
influxes going out of control,
A fifth of N-China died,
With some of
that being in the other areas of this Empire,
Well not the sandy NW, reaches
or SW snows, but the Han bits,
And was encouraged by changes in world trade,
It
is possible the minority tribes,
Add on low millions across the C in democides
& famines & povicides too,
The silver price fall slashes the currency
value,
S it was based on things like this,
So this hurt many people,
And
an astonishing amazing appalling fact,
Was that the 18thC economy was far
larger,
Mutualism breaksdown in the disaster of famine,
1 area saw
100000family members sold to contractors,
Shandong's Tai Yuen county fell
from a million people, to a tiny decreased, 50000,
With the entire province
not reaching it's own population again to the 1950s,
It was all about deaths,
not immigration,
In the 1890s 10million die, in another similar famine,
Which
caused large declines in many areas,
And added to misery,
Of plantations
& peasants,
And 1/2/7million,
It's unknown exactly how many, in
the 1886-8 dikes burst flood,
As they had stopped being invested with research
in,
And more in other floods, reaching a similar rate, that C,
The largest
flood, created a river for a few months 5 times as wide as the Danube,
And
it flooded a very flat plain, of 3000 villages, for ages,
Then in later changes
away from El Nino changes,
And bad flood protection getting a rest it stopped,
And the river went along its changing old courses,
I mean in the hard to
understand basis of El Nino this time it was wetter,
And a Million or
maybe 4/8million lost their lives in the 1870s Muslim/Hui's revolt,
Plus the
Nien revolt of the era saw 75000 killed, of 1861-7, of peasants,
And with
that 75000 deaths, in the Miao tribes revolt of 1860-72,
Plus 0.25million,
of the Muslim revolt 90s,
And in more ethnic, revolts, 13/25,000,
So
utter proof to show that feudalism, & such had been dreadful,
Many faint,
as many pull their own plows,
A large proportion of the population were in
that ridiculous barely Neolithic poverty,
More price changes yearly, occur
in the new global market,
So cash crops grown by small plot owners, for Brits,
opium,
See families in massive instability,
Sunny rain Jiangsu,
Saw
peasants pass falling red roof of white cottages, faint fields,
Elitism, had
no idea of creating a good society,
It was far too late for the millions suffering
in this barbaric way,
Overtime the ruling-classes realise, they need reform,
Elements in, do anything jingoism/massacre to stop, the moves towards these
changes,
India
Indis's Orissa saw a 1.5million
famine dead occurrence in 1867,
3.7-5.25million, in India from 1860-73, so
probably 4.475million,
With at least low 1000s, in the 1850s, & probably
more,
And low 1000s, from 1874-1875, as of long term affects,
El Nino's
monsoon failure famine, pushed refugees around,
And them spreading disease
in huddles, and exoduses,
Spreading them into chaos in the crisis years of
1876-9,
6.1-10.3million die, Bengal saw 4million of this, often of cholera,
with kids sold,
So probably 8.2million,
Plus 10/100,000 in Sri Lanka,
And
lets guess low 1000s, in the 1880s, too regionally,
The British
viceroy said aid should not be given,
As it was not the job of Britain or
government to do this,
With the British cabinet & monarchy in total support,
& the local princes,
In 1870s, & 1890s,
But not really most of
the educated Indians,
In the 1860s, of course Britain was basically totally
a oligarchy,
The British public, in a time of less media spread, & less
human rights groups,
Were uninterested,
Apart from some,
And some socialist
groups,
But it has to be said, that the failed decisions, were under the Tory
regime,
Of not giving cash, that was appointed by royals,
6.1-19
million from 1896-02,
Plus 5million more, of their plagues,
So 18.5million
the average,
So then, minus about 3million from them being in 1900-02,
Plus
probably 3 million more in 1903-06, mostly too 1904,
Means probably 13.5million
in the 1890s,
With again the governors caring more about British resources
than anything else,
Feeling the cash should go to wars in S-Africa, & cash
should be reduced here,
That year the Populist P, of America was the highest
aid giver, in the world,
Per large sized states,
Very few there, happily
were saying the genocidal idea, of some rich,
That God wants this evil, as
of his divine, plan, or they give a overpopulation reason,
Why God would want
such an event,
And we should do nothing about it,
Which always says ignore
the poor's suffering, but not the rich's,
23million died of cholera
in 1865-1919,
Almost half of that faminous,
Well 12-20% between 1857-1899,
of the population of a continent, as China is a continent in terms of population
size, though not in any other way,
Died of famines & povicides, & sharecropping,
Brazil
In
the early 19thCC 1.2/1.5mil slaves imported,
And there were many epidemics
killing over 10% of some places,
5 famines, like 30000die in Certao in 1825,
of these,
& it affected more than just that place,
Indicating probably
100s of thousands, in the 19thC, before 1870,
In the El Nino famine of 76-9,
there were 0.56-million dying,1/1.5million die in the 95-99 El Nino catastrophe
too,
Morocco
In a war that sees 10000dead, Spain
annexes 1860s the Western Sahara coast, a land to the south of Morocco,
4-5million
die of cholera/slavery/famine, especially in the 1870s, in the land of Morocco,
Of
the whole 100year period, probably many died,
Harmed by the fact it was a monarchy,
But
the statement I read is that in the El Nino period of 1878-84, 3million died,
As a quarter to a third of this area's population died,
Said to be encouraged
by French & Spanish & British capitalism,
But mostly by ineffective
monarchy, most thoroughly harming the interior,
& also some ports,
Some Others
It affects Borneo, Angola,
does the famine, & 10/97,000die Philippines,
And causes to a small extent,
17000 of cholera things in the Manila 80s, epidemic,
On top of many epidemics
which hit the land,
Conclusion
The General
view is that these famines were increased in veracity by new changes and capitalist
exploitatiion, and as of the undemocratic feudal monarchies, and feudal systems
who led the lands. China's imperial rule was bad,
http://www.lonympics.co.uk/chinaoppression.htm
A site condemning the Chinese Royals, and saying how they were even worse than
the Chinese Communists.
A site on the Belgian Congo, and how the king of that land killed 10s of millions of Congolese
Why the French Revolution was good
A list of many of the famines, across Human History, the longest list I have ever seen of these
The most evil regimes of the 19th Century
Links to our 100s of websites on history to sport,
The Highland Clearances and it's full terribleness
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Main book source, look in the famous internet book stores.
Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World: Mike Davis
www.soton.ac.uk/~pg2/HI312bl01.html - 214k a extensive book list
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A site to the American Red Cross www.redcross.org a group fighting famin to famine, to carestia (Italian for famine)
British Red Cross www.redcross.org.uk
International Red Cross www.ifrc.org
Books
Famines in India 1860-1925: B.M. Bhatia
India’s historical
demography: studies in famine, disease and society (1990): T. Dyson (ed.)H
Famine in British India: J. Kynch,
Famines and poverty in India: H.K. Mishra,
The history of Indian famines 1858-1918: H.S. Srivastava,
‘When
the rains failed: famine, relief and mortality in British India’: I. Klein,
Population growth and mortality in British India: the demographic revolution’,:
I. Klein,
‘Famines, epidemics and population-growth: the case of India’:
M.B. McAlpin,JIH, 14 (1983)
‘Women in famine: the paradox of status in
India’, A. Mehtabunisa,
‘The British and the moneylender in Nineteenth-Century
India’, Thomas R. Metcalf,
‘Markets and famines: a simple test with
Indian data’: Cormac Ó Gráda