Siberian Tigers the facts
The
Amur Tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) is a rare subspecies of tiger (P. tigris).
Also known as the Siberian, Korean, Manchurian, or North China Tiger, it is the
largest natural animal in the feline family Felidae.
The Amur Tiger is critically
endangered. In the early 1900s, it lived throughout the Korean Peninsula, northeastern
Mongolia, southeastern Russia, & northeastern China. Today, it has virtually
disappeared from South Korea & is largely confined to a very small part of
Russia's southern Far East (the Amur-Ussuri region of Primorye & Khabarovsk,
a location where it & the Amur Leopard are now being actively protected).
There are very few tigers in Manchuria (northeastern China) & fewer still
in North Korea. Captive breeding & conservation programs are currently active.
The
tiger population in the Sikhote-Alin was 250 in 1992, increasing to 350 as of
2004, despite significant losses of cubs due to car accidents on the single road
that crosses their territory. Illegal poaching has been brought under control
thanks to frequent road inspections. It is rumoured that there are still around
20 of these tigers in the Mount Changbai area of China.
As the total population
of these tigers fell to 150 in the wild, many subpopulations are possibly not
genetically viable, subject to potentially catastrophic inbreeding. However, Russian
conservation efforts have led to a revival of the subspecies, & the number
of individuals in the Primorsky region of Russia has risen from 450 to 500 in
the past decade, indicating positive growth.
An Amur Tiger named Hodori was
chosen to represent the 1988 Summer Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea.
The
male Amur Tiger can weigh as much as 318 kilograms (700 lb), although in past
years, scientists believed that these cats could weigh up to 350 kilograms (800
lb), a supposition based largely on the estimates of hunters. On average, a tigress
weighs about 160 kilograms (352 lb), & a male weighs about 225 kilograms (496
lb). At these sizes, the Amur Tiger is the largest natural creature of the cat
family, though not as large as the liger, a panthera hybrid generally only found
in captivity. The largest captive Amur tiger was 3.7 metres (12 ft) long &
weighed over 423 kilograms (932 lb), compared to the largest captive African lion
that weighed 366 kilograms (806 lb).Siberian tigers can grow from 10 to 12 feet
long! Apart from its size, the Amur Tiger is differentiated from other tiger subspecies
by its paler fur, dark brown (rather than black) stripes & diverse diet (see
below).
Like all other cats, the Amur Tiger is a carnivorous predator; an adept
hunter, it preys primarily on wild boar, roe deer, sika deer & goral, but
will also take smaller prey like lagomorphs (hares, rabbits, & pikas) &
fish, including salmon. Unlike the Bengal Tiger, the Amur Tiger rarely attacks
humans. It has sometimes even been known to kill & eat Asiatic black bears
& even brown bears. Since it is estimated that 85% of an Amur Tiger's diet
is composed of red deer & wild boar, protecting these & other prey animals
from illegal hunting may be just as important to the tiger's survival as preventing
direct killing of the big cats.
The captive population of Amur Tiger comprises
several hundred specimens. A majority of these tigers are found in Europe &
North America, but there are also a few specimens living in Asian zoos. The Amur
Tiger is bred within the Species Survival Plan (SSP), a project based on 83 wild
caught tigers. According to most experts, this population is large enough to stay
stable & genetically healthy. Today, approximately 160 Amur Tigers participate
in the SSP, which makes it the most extensively bred tiger subspecies within the
programme. There are currently no more than around 255 tigers in the tiger SSP
from three different subspecies. Developed in 1982, the Species Survival Plan
for the Amur tiger is the longest running program for a tiger subspecies. It has
been very fortunate & productive, & the breeding program for the Amur
tiger has actually been used as a good example when new programs have been designed
to save other animal species from extinction.
The Amur Tiger is not very difficult
to breed in captivity, but the possibility to release captive bred specimens into
the wild is small. Conservation efforts that secure the wild population are therefore
still of imperative importance. If a captive bred Amur Tiger were to be released
into the wild, it would lack the necessary hunting skills & starve to death.
Captive bred tigers can also approach humans & villages since they have learned
to associate humans with feeding & lack the natural shyness of the wild tigers.
In a worst-case scenario, the starving tigers could even become man-eaters. Since
tigers must be taught how to hunt by their mothers when they are still cubs, a
program that aimed to release captive bred Amur Tigers into the wild would face
great difficulties.
The Amur Tiger sometimes cross-breeds with the Bengal Tiger.
A white Amur Tiger is usually the result of such cross-breeding, & it is unclear
whether a pure white Amur Tiger exists
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