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Here is a History of Hawaii
The earliest habitation supported by archaeological evidence dates to the 4th century, probably by Polynesian settlers from the Marquesas, followed by a second wave of migration from Raiatea and Bora Bora in the 11th century. The first recorded European contact with the islands was in 1778 by British explorer James Cook. Hawaii is one of four U.S. States that were independent prior to becoming part of the U.S.: the Vermont Republic, 1791; the Republic of Texas, 1845; the California Republic, 1846; and Hawai`i. Of these, Hawai`i and Texas were the only ones with formal international diplomatic recognition. The Kingdom of Hawaii existed from 1810 until 1893 when the monarchy was overthrown by native born Hawaiians of American ancestry. It was an independent republic from 1894 until 1898, when it was annexed by the United States, becoming a territory in 1900, and a state in 1959.
Hawaiian antiquity
Anthropologists believe that Polynesians from the Marquesas and possibly the Society Islands first populated the Hawaiian Islands at some time between 300 and 500 AD. There is a great deal of dispute regarding these dates.
Some archaeologists and historians believe that there had been an early settlement from the Marquesas and a later wave of immigrants from Tahiti, circa 1000, who were said to have introduced a new line of high chiefs, the Kapu system, the practice of human sacrifice and the building of heiaus. This later immigration is detailed in folk tales about Paao (Pa-?ao). Other authors have argued that there is no archaeological or linguistic evidence for a later influx of Tahitian settlers, and that Paao must be regarded as a myth. Since there are still many supporters of the Paao narrative, this topic is still hotly disputed.
Regardless of the question of Paao and the history of the Royal Hawaiian lineage, historians agree that the history of the islands was marked by a slow but steady growth in population and the size of chiefdoms, which grew to encompass whole islands. Local chiefs, called aliis (ali?i), ruled their settlements and fought to extend their sway and defend their communities from predatory rivals. This was conducted in a system of aliis of various ranks somewhat similar to Feudalism.
A
isle in Hawaii used to have 10 million but many birds were made extinct in the
19thC, in European monarchies colonialism,
That number of birds as the same
as many huge regions, like that small Tibetan region,
Which sits NE of Tibet,
Qinghai, which actually has allot of birds for the world, The Hawaii area also
had a bird, a small bird, that had a small curving beak,
And a bird that had
a beak wider than a right angle, another small bird, not around now,
Anyway,
Cook in Mid-Pacific Hawaii in 1778, continuing his sea exploration,
Was treated
as a god,
We come from far, you mean house other side river, heeeh eeeh thats
my joke,
Trade opens, & also brings disease,
Natives fell from 0.3/0.8million,
Down too from 1810-60, 150000-37000,
Brit, and other European royal
area, sugar crop colonies, come in 1800,
On the 2nd visit to Hawaii Cook is
murdered,
Here taro roots are the main crop, it is metal-less,
And here
as across the swooshing blue ocean, war dances as common,
& are global
carving,
Like many isles, caste, nobles, priests, commoners, gods,
A
isle where green forests see waterfalls poring off like jugs off water, beside
eachother,
From the highest areas, & mountains, up there,
A Couple
to below towards the lowlands, 100s of metres, the water gushing out,
So many
things,
In this area,
Some saw volcanoes erupt as in some areas
there are permanent volcanoes,
Melting lava into the sea, & boiling red
under the water,
Creating new islands every so often, like off Iceland,
Sometimes
isle boil up red, but only some, most are not like that,
And are the expanded
lands of millennia's of those events,
So filled with planets & such,
The
volcanoes gasses killing people at times,
Even these warrior armies, sometimes
while they were fighting,
With those areas by water seeing steaming water,
& grey & black rocks,
Some moving as magma,
And some volcanoes
of grey & dark burnt black up in the mountains,
There so high,
There were to canoes, sledge style are canoes,
going across attacking islands,
The people were serfs in a sense, complaining
about unpaid labours,
As they saw sandalwood shipped off the China, &
the USA,
From the 1820s land was split up into 1/3 each for monarchy, aristos
& people,
The people becoming from this period more so tenants than peons,
As
peons, they were ruled over by steward rulers, but often could move freely,
But
were oppressed
And in 1839 the French arrived, it was a kingdom at the time,
under increased colionialism, like the king was doing in Algeria, as it had it
1820s V Haiti and Algeria, threatening to attack the isle,
Blockading it unless
all the Catholics were freed,
As they had been barred & jailed for the
Protestants who were the official faith,
From 1848 foreigners could buy land,
Before
then in 1845 the feudal land tenure system was abolished, but this really just
saw commonwers, lose more land, we all know feudalism, is wrongh, but the kings
were so bad they like Russia's tsars managed this badly and saw the people lose
allot of what they needed, which harmed them, so instead of a republican democratic
rebvolution giving the people the land, or capitalism, the people were given to
foreign colonial occupiers, and feudal lords, just as much as before,not capitalism,
or socialism, or even the woprse fedualism, but a bad foreighnm colonialims, showing
the kings and queens were just useless and bad for Hawaians. 1 and all,
The
1840s saw a constitution of nobles style legislatures,
Which by good mob threats
& succession debates,
Saw more elected power go towards native Hawaiians
by the 1880s,
But it was still really monarch & noble led, with some masses,
control,
Probably as democratic as Imperial Germany was at the time, and it
was not really democratic either,
& though the declining population had
stablised, under more masses control, i.e more republ;ican ways,
Rising the waves, by standing on these boards,
But as of their wealth
the women meet the European men, too,
Who are bringing unknown diseases,
With
some giving them coconut shells, & their white coconutty taste,
And
pouring out the watery milk, for a drink, which is in them,
The tribes have
huts,
And the brown skinned people, collapse in numbers over time,
Seeing
from the 1880s Japanese, come as gardeners, & less Europeans,
With pineapples,
& coconuts,
European contact
The 1778 arrival of British explorer James Cook is usually taken to be Hawaii’s first contact with European explorers. Cook named the islands the Sandwich Islands in honor of one of his sponsors, John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. He published the geographical coordinates of the islands and reported the native name as Owyhee.
Cook visited the Hawaiian islands twice. During his second visit—in 1779—he attempted to abduct a Hawaiian chief and hold him as ransom for return of a ship’s boat that was stolen by a different minor chief; the chief’s supporters fought back, and Cook was killed.
After
Cook’s visit and the publication of several books relating his voyages, the
Hawaiian islands received many European visitors: explorers, traders, and eventually
whalers who found the islands a convenient harbor and source of fresh food. Early
British influence can still be seen from the design of the local Flag of Hawaii
which has the British Union Flag in the corner. Visitors introduced diseases to
the formerly isolated islands, and the Hawaiian population plunged precipitously.
American missionaries arrived in 1820 and eventually converted the chiefs and
the remaining population to Protestant Christianity.
Kingdom of Hawaii
During the 1780s and 1790s the chiefs were constantly fighting for power. After a series of battles that ended in 1795 and forced cession of the island of Kauai in 1810, all of the inhabited islands were subjugated under a single ruler who would become known as King Kamehameha the Great. He established the House of Kamehameha, a dynasty that ruled over the kingdom until 1872.
The death of the bachelor King Kamehameha V—who did not name an heir—resulted in the popular election of Lunalilo over Kalakaua (Kala-kaua). After Lunalilo’s death, in a hotly contested and allegedly fraudulent election by the legislature in 1874 between Kalakaua and Emma (which led to riots and the landing of U.S. and British troops to keep the peace), governance was passed on to the House of Kala-kaua.
In 1887, under the influence of Walter M. Gibson, a group of primarily American and European businessmen, including kingdom subjects and members of the Hawaiian government forced Kala-kaua to sign the derisively nicknamed "Bayonet Constitution" which stripped the king of administrative authority, eliminated voting rights for Asians and set minimum income and property requirements for American, European and native Hawaiian voters, essentially limiting the electorate to wealthy elite Americans, Europeans and native Hawaiians. King Kalakaua reigned until his death in 1891. His sister, Liliuokalani (Lili?uokalani), succeeded him to the throne and ruled until her overthrow in 1893. So the kingdom became a foreign colony in a sense, like occurred in some African lands, with kings just becoming ERuropean regime's puppets, The classic 3rd world trick of a coup ocurring when you are out of the country, on a diplomatoc meeting was also in a sense what happened in the bayonet constitution. as the queen was visiting Queen Victoria, at the time, where the king s fo Belgium, and Saxony refused to accompany her as she was coloured, the Belgian king was fanmously one of the worst people in history. with what he single handedly did in the Congo.
In 1893, Queen Liliuokalani announced plans to establish a new constitution that would have replaced the so-called "Bayonet Constitution" that was established during the reign of King Kalakaua by American and European residents under threat of violence. The new constitution would have restored much power to the monarchy, but this was opposed by (mainly foreign) business elites. On January 14, 1893, a group of American and Europeans formed a Committee of Safety in opposition to the Queen, and seized control of government. United States Government Minister John L. Stevens, responding to a request from the Committee of Safety expressing concern about possible violence directed against American citizens, summoned a company of uniformed U.S. Marines to come ashore to enforce neutrality. As one historian noted, the presence of these troops effectively made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself.
The overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani was successful and the monarchy ended in January 1893, I say it was good the monarchy ended, as if they were just trying to grab power, then there was nothing good about them, but this new regime, was not a republic, but a colonial regime, It was replaced by a Provisional Government composed of members of the Committee of Safety. There was much controversy in the following years as the queen tried to regain her throne. The administration of President Grover Cleveland commissioned the Blount Report, which concluded that the overthrow of Lili?uokalani was illegal. The U.S. Government first demanded that Queen Lili?uokalani be reinstated, but the Provisional Government refused. Congress responded to Cleveland's referral with another investigation, and submitted the Morgan Report by the U.S. Senate on February 26, 1894, which found all parties (including Minister Stevens) with the exception of the queen "not guilty" from any responsibility for the overthrow The accuracy and impartiality of both the Blount and Morgan reports has been questioned by partisans on both sides of the historical debate over the events of 1893.
Republic of Hawaii
The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of Hawaii from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic period occurred between the administration of the Provisional Government of Hawaii which ended on July 4, 1894 and the adoption of the Newlands Resolution in Congress in which the Republic was annexed to the United States and became the Territory of Hawaii on July 7, 1898. It was not really a republic but latyer republican ways came, as Native Hawaiians, and all Hwaiians got the vote, no thanks to the monarchy, or American business elites, just thanks, to democracy campaigners, like Bryan, FDR, and Black and Hawaiian Civil Right Groups,
U.S. Territory
When William McKinley won the presidential election in November 1896, the question of Hawaii’s annexation to the U.S. was again opened. The previous president, Grover Cleveland, was a friend of Queen Liliuokalani. He had remained opposed to annexation until the end of his term, but McKinley was open to persuasion by U.S. expansionists and by annexationists from Hawaii. He agreed to meet with a committee of annexationists from Hawaii, Lorrin Thurston, Francis Hatch and William Kinney. After negotiations, in June 1897, McKinley agreed to a treaty of annexation with these representatives of the Republic of Hawaii. The president then submitted the treaty to the U.S. Senate for approval.
Despite some opposition in the islands, the Newlands Resolution was passed by the House June 15, 1898, by a vote of 209 to 91, and by the Senate on July 6, 1898, by a vote of 42 to 21, annexing Hawaii as a U.S. territory. Its legality continues to be questioned because it was a United States Government resolution, not a treaty of cession or conquest as is required by international law. Both houses of the American Congress carried the measure with two-thirds majorities.
In 1900, Hawaii was granted self-governance and retained ?Iolani Palace as the territorial capitol building. Though several attempts were made to achieve statehood, Hawaii remained a territory for sixty years. Plantation owners, such as the Big Five, found territorial status convenient, enabling them to continue importing cheap foreign labor; such immigration was prohibited in various states of the U.S.
The power of the plantation owners was finally broken by activist descendants of original immigrant laborers. Because they were born in a U.S. territory, they were legal U.S. citizens. Expecting to gain full voting rights, they actively campaigned for statehood for the Hawaiian Islands. So Hawaiia would become a state within the US republic, saving it from US colonialism, and giving it to US democracy.
State of Hawaii
In March 1959, both houses of Congress passed the Hawaii Admission Act and U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed it into law. (The act excluded Palmyra Atoll, part of the Kingdom and Territory of Hawaii, from the new state.) On June 27 of that year, a referendum was held asking residents of Hawaii to vote on accepting the statehood bill. Hawaii voted at a ratio of 17 to 1 to accept. There has been criticism, however, of the Statehood plebiscite, because the only choices were to accept the Act or to remain a territory, without addressing the issues of legality surrounding the overthrow. Despite the criticism, the United Nations decolonization committee later removed Hawaii from the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories.
After statehood, Hawaii quickly became a modern state with a construction boom and rapidly growing economy. The Hawaii Republican Party, which was strongly supported by the plantation owners, was voted out of office. In its place, the Democratic Party of Hawaii dominated state politics for forty years. With Native Hawaiian often voting for them, no doubt the Republican era is best, the monarchy and colonial eras were bopth bad, with the Hwaian Kingdom seeing a huge population collapse. The place as a democ racy in the US seeing great rising lioving standards.
In recent decades, the state government has implemented programs to promote Hawaiian culture. The Hawaii State Constitutional Convention of 1978 incorporated as state constitutional law specific programs such as the creation of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to promote the indigenous Hawaiian language and culture.
Demographics
Historical
populations
Census Pop. %±
1900 154,001
—
1910 191,874
24.6%
1920 255,881 33.4%
1930 368,300 43.9%
1940 422,770 14.8%
1950
499,794 18.2%
1960 632,772 26.6%
1970 769,913 21.7%
1980 964,691 25.3%
1990
1,108,229 14.9%
2000 1,211,537 9.3%
Est. 2007 1,283,388 5.9%
As of 2005, Hawaii has an estimated population of 1,275,194, which is an increase of 13,070, or 1.0%, from the prior year and an increase of 63,657, or 5.3%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 48,111 people (that is 96,028 births minus 47,917 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 16,956 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 30,068 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 13,112 people. The center of population of Hawaii is located directly between the two islands of Oahu and Molokai.[26]
Hawaii has a de facto population of over 1.3 million due to military presence and tourists. Oahu, which is nicknamed "The Gathering Place", is the most populous island (and the one with the highest population density), with a resident population of just under one million in 597 square miles (1,546 km2), about 1,650 people per square mile (for comparison, New Jersey, which has 8,717,925 people in 7,417 square miles (19,210 km2) is the most-densely populated state with 1,134 people per square mile.) Hawaii's 1,275,194 people, spread over 6,423 square miles (including many unpopulated islands) results in an average population density of 188.6 persons per square mile, which makes Hawaii less densely populated than states like Ohio and Illinois.
The average projected lifespan of those born in Hawaii in the year 2000 is 79.8 years (77.1 years if male, 82.5 if female), longer than the residents of any other state.
U.S. military personnel make up approximately 1.3% of the total population in the islands.
Ethnicities
Further information: Europeans in Oceania
Ethnically, Hawaii is one of only four states in which non-Hispanic whites do not form a majority, and has the largest percentage of Asian Americans. Hawaii was the second majority-minority state in the United States. Both Hawaii and New Mexico have been majority-minority regions since the early 20th century, but New Mexico became a state before Hawaii. Hawaii also has the largest percentage of persons of mixed race, who constitute some 20% of the total population.
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