Columbo the TV series, the facts, Columbo is an American crime fiction TV series created by Richard Levinson & William Link. A pilot movie was broadcast in 1968; the series aired regularly from 1971 to 1978, & later, sporadically from 1989 to 2003, when the last episode was broadcast. It starred Peter Falk as Lieutenant Columbo, a homicide detective with the Los Angeles Police Department.
Columbo (partly inspired by the Crime & Punishment
character, Porfiry Petrovich) was a shabby, apparently slow-witted police detective
— although, as criminals eventually learned, appearances can be deceiving.
Columbo used his deferential & absent-minded persona to lull criminal suspects
into a false sense of security; meanwhile, he solved his cases by paying close
attention to tiny inconsistencies in a suspect's story & by hounding the suspect
until he or she confessed. Columbo's signature technique was to exit the scene
of an interview, invariably stopping in the doorway or returning a moment later
to ask "just one more thing" of a suspect. The "one more thing"
always brought to light the key inconsistency.
History of the character The character Columbo pre-existed his eponymous television series. Before Falk assumed the role in 1968, Bert Freed portrayed him in a 1960 TV appearance. Thomas Mitchell then played Columbo in a 1962 stage play.
Bert Freed as Columbo The character of Columbo first appeared in 1960 in an episode of the NBC anthology series The Chevy Mystery Show, where he was played by Bert Freed, a character actor with a thatchy grey mane of hair. The episode, titled "Enough Rope", was adapted by Levinson & Link from their short story "May I Come In", in which the character of Columbo did not appear. Link's name was listed first in the billing for the writers at the beginning of the show.
Freed wore a rumpled suit & smoked a cigar to play Columbo, but played the part somewhat straighter than either of his two successors in the role, with few of the familiar Columbo mannerisms. However, the character is still recognizably Columbo & uses some of the same methods of misdirection on his prey. During the course of the show, the increasingly frightened murderer brings pressure from the district attorney's office to have Columbo taken off the case, but the detective fights back with his own contacts. There is one particularly visible mistake in the live telecast (aside from the usual constant boom microphone shadows), with a momentarily flustered Columbo introducing himself to a receptionist as "Dr. Columbo," whereupon she magically deduces that he's actually "Lt. Columbo" when she notifies her supervisor.
Although Bert Freed received third billing, he wound up with almost as much screen time as the killer, once he appeared immediately after the first commercial, several minutes into the show (more or less exactly the same formula used in most of the later Falk shows). Unlike many live television shows, this one continues to exist & is available for viewing in the archives of the Museum of Television & Radio in New York & Los Angeles. Thomas Mitchell as Columbo The "Enough Rope" teleplay in turn was adapted into a stage play called Prescription: Murder with revered character actor Thomas Mitchell in the role; the 70-year-old Mitchell had previously played the drunken Doc in John Ford's Stagecoach (1939), for which he won an Academy Award, as well as Scarlett O'Hara's insane father in Gone with the Wind that same year, & also portrayed the absent-minded Uncle Billy in Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life (1946). The stage production starred two veterans of Orson Welles's Mercury Theatre & Citizen Kane: Joseph Cotten as the murderer & Agnes Moorehead as the victim.
Up to this point the writers had regarded Columbo as only a supporting role, but with Mitchell playing the part, they soon found that he was deftly stealing attention away from the stars. Mitchell died while the play was touring in out-of-town tryouts; Columbo was his last role.
Peter Falk as Columbo Finally, the play was made into a television movie for NBC in 1968. Mitchell had died, & the writers suggested Lee J. Cobb & Bing Crosby for the role, but Cobb was unavailable & Crosby turned it down. Director Richard Irving convinced Levinson & Link that Falk, who wanted the role, could pull it off even though he was much younger than the writers had in mind.
The TV-movie pitted Falk's Columbo against a murdering physician played by Gene Barry, who, of course, is uncovered, charged & arrested.
The popularity of the character prompted the creation of a regular series on NBC that premiered the fall of 1971 as part of the wheel series NBC Mystery Movie, initially on Wednesday night. Columbo was an immediate hit in the Nielsen ratings. Falk won an Emmy Award for his role in the first year of the series, & the character became an icon on American television. In the second season it was moved, along with the other shows in the Mystery Movie rotation, to Sunday night & ran for a total seven seasons. After cancellation in 1978, it was revived in occasional made-for-television movies on ABC.
The series is noted by TV critics & historians for the way it reversed the clichés of the standard whodunit story (TV Guide has referred to the basic plot structure as a "howcatchem", though it is more properly known as an inverted mystery). In a typical murder mystery, the identity of the murderer is not revealed until the climax of the story, & the hero uncovers clues pointing to the killer. In most episodes of Columbo, the audience sees the crime unfold at the beginning & knows exactly who did it & how it was done; the "mystery" from the audience's perspective is spotting the clues that will lead Columbo to discover & expose the killer's guilt. This allows the story to unfold more from the criminal's point of view, rather than that of Columbo himself; in fact, in some episodes, Columbo doesn't even appear until as late as 30 minutes into the story, the preceding time being taken up by depicting the often-complex nature of the crime.
The audience then watches as the criminal frantically tries to cover his or her tracks, being hounded by the persistent police lieutenant at every step, until the killer finally slips up & Columbo catches him. Columbo's manners are such that, at first, the killer feels safe & happily 'helps' him with his investigation, giving alternative explanations for loose ends, but eventually the killer becomes irritated & finally nervous as he (occasionally she) finds that Columbo isn't as stupid as he seems.
This predictability & the quirky mannerisms of Columbo are part of the attraction of the series. As the killer is nearly always wealthy compared to Columbo's apparently modest background & means, the show also offers some expressions of class conflict, although in a few cases, such as that of Ruth Gordon's avenging mystery writer, the killer is more sympathetic than the victim. For all that, Columbo rarely displays anger toward these privileged murderers, & seems genuinely to like more than a few of them. The episodes are movie-length, between 70 & 100 minutes long, excluding commercials.
The series was & remains very popular in Britain, where the similarity to the British model of the drawing-room mystery was much appreciated, as was the use of several British guest stars (in the original series). However, the episode Dagger of the Mind, which saw Columbo on placement with Scotland Yard, is generally viewed as a disappointment, due to its having clearly been largely shot in Hollywood & its cliched portrayal of British life. Mark Wilson, a British fan who has his own website on the series <http://columbo.freeukisp.co.uk/index.html>, gives the episode the following review: "This is a dreadful episode. The characters are not believable. The writers had clearly never spent any time in Britain before they wrote the episode. The awful old fashioned British stereotypes are depicted to such an extreme degree that they appear to almost not be human. Cor blimey stone the crows, it's a fair cop guv', by jove! Anyone who knows London will know that this episode bears no relation to Londoners or Brits in general. Richard Basehart (Frame) & Honor Blackman (Stanhope) are extremely irritating & over the top. This has to go into the Columbo house of horrors." & in the user comments on the episode's Internet Movie Database entry [<http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068396/usercomments>], a viewer from Chicago noted, "Some English IMDb posters have already noted that this is a shallow & condescending view of Londoners, & I believe them. Nothing about this episode rings true, & the plot is thin stuff."
Peter
Falk, who played Columbo, has a glass right eye & it remained a mystery whether
this glass eye "played the part of a real eye" (i.e., did the Columbo
character have 1 or 2 eyes) for 25 years until 1997's Columbo: A Trace of Murder
where upon asking a character to revisit the crime scene with him, he jokes “You
know, three eyes are better than one.” During the first incarnation of the
series, it was widely believed in Hollywood that Columbo's "wife" was
a fictional ploy that he used for conversation with his prey & that the character
actually lived alone in a furnished room; Falk is reported in magazine profiles
to have strongly believed this, but in at least one episode - "Troubled Waters"
- other characters describe meeting & speaking to Mrs Columbo, although she
never appears on screen.
Steven Spielberg & Jonathan Demme both directed
episodes of the show during its first run. Jonathan Latimer & Steven Bochco
were once writers.
Ben Gazzara directed episodes "Troubled Waters" (1975) & "A Friend in Deed" (1974). Peter Falk himself directed the last episode of the 1st season, "Blueprint For Murder".
Nicholas Colasanto, who acted in Raging Bull & Cheers (as Coach), directed some episodes, including "Swan Song" with Johnny Cash. However, "Étude in Black", which is credited to Colasanto, was actually co-directed by its co-stars John Cassavetes & Peter Falk as a favor to their friend Colasanto. This has given rise to the false rumor that Cassavetes sometimes directed under the pseudonym Nicholas Colasanto.
Patrick McGoohan directed five episodes (including three of the four in which he played the murderer) & wrote & produced two (including one of these).
Vincent McEveety was a frequent director, & homage was paid to him by a humorous mention of a character with his surname in the episode "Undercover" (which he directed).
Guest Stars Columbo was noted for its high-profile guest stars. Frequently, viewers were treated to seeing their favorite film & television stars as either the murderer or victim. Noted actors appearing on Columbo include: Murderers Anthony Andrews, Eddie Albert, Anne Baxter, Ed Begley, Jr., Theodore Bikel, Honor Blackman, Ian Buchanan, Johnny Cash, John Cassavetes, Jack Cassidy, Susan Clark, Billy Connolly, Robert Conrad, Jackie Cooper, Robert Culp, Tyne Daly, Faye Dunaway, Dick Van Dyke, Hector Elizondo, José Ferrer, Ruth Gordon, George Hamilton, Laurence Harvey, Lee Grant, Louis Jourdan, Richard Kiley, Martin Landau, Janet Leigh, Ross Martin, Roddy McDowall, Patrick McGoohan, Vera Miles, Ray Milland, Ricardo Montalban, Leonard Nimoy, Donald Pleasence, Clive Revill, William Shatner, Fisher Stevens, Rip Torn, Trish Van Devere, Robert Vaughn, George Wendt, Oskar Werner, Nicol Williamson Patrick McGoohan appeared in a record four episodes of Columbo. Robert Culp & Jack Cassidy both appeared three times. Dean Stockwell, George Hamilton, William Shatner & Robert Vaughn all appeared in two episodes. Victims Lola Albright, Greg Evigan, Nina Foch, Anne Francis, Deidre Hall, Wilfrid Hyde-White, John Kerr, Ida Lupino, Rue McClanahan, Martin Milner, Leslie Nielsen, Martha Scott, Pippa Scott, Martin Sheen, Mickey Spillane, Dean Stockwell, Robert Vaughn, John Williams Not all guest victims were actually murdered. Some were witnesses, or friends of the deceased.
Miscellaneous guest stars Actors such as Katey Sagal (whose father
Boris directed several episodes), Vincent Price, Julie Harris, Samantha Eggar,
John Fraser, Richard Pearson, Myrna Loy, Blythe Danner, Donald Moffat, Juliet
Mills, Fionnula Flanagan, Rod Steiger, Jamie Lee Curtis, Priscilla Barnes, Jeff
Goldblum, Kim Cattrall, Walter Koenig, Pat Morita, James B. Sikking, Valerie Harper,
Sondra Currie & Ed Begley Jr. had small roles or cameos in various episodes
early in their careers.
Peter Falk's real-life wife, Shera Danese, appeared in six Columbo episodes in various roles. Other recurring actors include J. P. Finnegan (6 times), Michael Lally (More than 40 times; more than anybody other than Falk), Vito Scotti (6 times), & Bruce Kirby (8 appearances, 4 of them as Sergeant Kramer). Sergeant Kramer, Sergeant Wilson (played by Bob Dishy in two episodes, with two different first names!), Dr. Benson (Columbo's dog's vet, played by Michael Fox in two episodes), & Burt (the chili dispenser at Columbo's favorite greasy spoon, played by Timothy Carey) were the only recurring characters aside from Columbo & his dog.
Spin-off The very idea of a show about Mrs. Columbo was opposed by series creators Levinson & Link, as well as by Peter Falk. In an interview with Columbo Phile author Mark Dawidziak published prior to the 1989 Columbo revival, Richard Levinson joked, "If there was ever another Columbo, we were going to have him say, 'There's a woman running around pretending to be my wife. She's changing things. She's a young girl. I wish my wife was like that. She's an imposter.'"
Nonetheless, a spin-off TV series titled Mrs. Columbo starring Kate Mulgrew was aired in 1979, but it received a dismal reception & was swiftly cancelled. It especially disappointed fans of the original movies, as Mrs. Columbo was often referred to, but never seen (although there was no doubt that she actually existed — several characters on screen had met Mrs. Columbo over the years). The mystery of what Columbo's often-talked about wife was "really" like was an important part of the original show's appeal, & showing an actual Mrs. Columbo seemed to take something away from the Columbo mystique.
Columbo himself was never seen on Mrs. Columbo. However, certain obvious connections were made to the original Columbo series, notably the presence of Columbo's beat-up car & pet dog in the show's opening sequence. As well, references were made to Kate's husband being a police lieutenant. However, there were also notable discrepancies between the two shows. Kate's physical appearance did not match up with certain descriptions Lt. Columbo had provided of his wife in various Columbo episodes over the years — this "Mrs. Columbo" was too young & too thin to be the wife described in Columbo movies. (In fact, Mulgrew was only 24 when the Mrs. Columbo series premiered, meaning that she was only 13 when Falk started playing Columbo & referring to his wife.)
Furthermore, in the episode "Double Exposure", Lt. Columbo declared that his wife "had no head for crime" & that she "always picked the wrong guy as the murderer" whenever they watched a mystery movie. Kate's mystery solving exploits in this series run counter to that description. However, it could be argued that this was part of Columbo's regular attempts to lull a suspected criminal into a false sense of security.
Due to the negative critical & public reaction to the show, the producers fairly quickly started making changes. The spin-off was renamed Kate Columbo, followed by Kate the Detective & finally Kate Loves a Mystery. The main character was likewise renamed "Kate Callahan", & all references to & ties with the original Columbo show were dropped — the character was no longer supposed to be Mrs. Columbo or have any connection with him at all. Still, despite all the attempts to fix it, the series lasted only thirteen episodes.
An episode of Mrs. Columbo was included as a bonus feature on the Region 1 DVD releases of the third, fourth & fifth seasons.
Several sources cite the lieutenant's name as "Philip Columbo", variously claiming that the name was either in the original script for Prescription: Murder or that it was visible on his police badge. Peugeot even ran an advertising campaign that mentioned "Lt. Philip Columbo" as the most famous driver of the Peugeot 403 convertible.
The name "Philip Columbo" was, in fact, invented by Fred L. Worth, author of The Trivia Encyclopedia, who planted the fictitious entry about Columbo's first name in his book (and its sequels) in an attempt to catch anyone who might try to violate his copyright. Worth's ploy was, however, only partially successful.
In 1984 Worth filed a $300 million lawsuit against the distributors of the board game Trivial Pursuit, claiming that they had sourced their questions from his book, even to the point of reproducing misprints & typographical errors. The ace up his sleeve was "Philip Columbo" which had appeared in a game question about Lt. Columbo, despite the name 'Philip' being an invention of Worth's.
The makers of Trivial Pursuit did not deny that they sourced material from Worth's book, but argued that there was nothing improper about using that book simply as one of the many sources from which the game's material originated. The judge agreed, ruling in favor of Trivial Pursuit & the case was thrown out of court.
Probably the closest thing to a definitive answer came to light following the release of the first series on DVD. In the episode Dead Weight where Columbo introduces himself to General Hollister, the audience is shown a brief close-up of Columbo's badge, complete with a signature. Though difficult to read when viewed at normal speed, when the image of the badge is paused the signature appears to read "Frank Columbo". The same ID badge is seen in numerous other episodes, with the signature "Frank Columbo" clearly visible in the season 5 episode A Matter of Honor. Universal Studios, in the boxset release of seasons 1-4 under their Playback label, included a picture of Columbo's police badge on the back of the box, with signature "Frank Columbo" & the name "Lt. Frank Columbo" in type. This appears to be a different badge to the one seen in Dead Weight, with a different signature.
Nonetheless, Columbo creators Richard Levinson & William Link, as well as star Peter Falk, have always insisted that Columbo's first name was never revealed. Its apparent disclosure on the badge, therefore, may have been unintentional. The following details of Lt. Columbo's life have been gleaned from statements the character has made or observations of the characters behavior in the show. He may have been lying about any or all of these to establish a rapport with the person he was speaking to, though some facts, like his marriage, have enough other support to establish them as definitely factual:
Columbo was born & raised in New York City in a neighborhood near Chinatown. The Columbo household included the future policeman's grandfather, parents, five brothers & a sister. His brother-in-law is a lawyer. Peter Falk has stated during an interview on Inside the Actor's Studio that he wasn't truly sure how many relatives Columbo truly had aside from his wife. That they were more often than not just ways of explaining to a murderer how a family member had stumbled onto a clue rather than reveal his true intelligence. His father wore glasses & did the cooking when his mother was in the hospital having another baby. His grandfather let him stomp the grapes when they made wine in the cellar. He is Italian on both sides (Colombo).
Columbo's father, who never earned more than $5,000 a year, taught him how to play pool, an obsession that stuck with the future detective. His boyhood hero was Joe DiMaggio, & he also liked gangster pictures. Hardly a model child, Columbo broke street lamps, played pinball & ran with a crowd of boys that enjoyed a good prank. The trick of putting a potato in a car exhaust — which doesn't break anything, but the car won't start — served well on one of his cases. He became a cop in part to make up for these juvenile pranks.
During high school, he dropped chemistry & took wood shop. While he dated a girl named Theresa in high school, he met his future wife. After serving in the Army during the Korean War, Columbo joined the New York police force & was assigned to the 12th precinct. He trained under Sergeant Gilhooley, a genial Irishman who tried to teach him the game of darts. He moved to Los Angeles in 1958.
Columbo is compulsive about little details. Little things keep him awake at night & he likes to bounce ideas off his wife. The Columbos have an unknown number of children & a basset hound named Dog. Columbo hates guns, claims to be a bad shot & almost never carries one. He prefers to drive his trademark, dirty 1959 Peugeot 403 convertible rather than an official LAPD car while on duty. He is prone to airsickness & seasickness & he can't swim — though he's been known to row a rowboat. He is squeamish & doesn't like hospitals or autopsies, or even looking at photographs of 'messy' murders.
He is not good with numbers. He likes cooking, limericks, Westerns,
Italian opera, Strauss waltzes, golf (which he is very good at), classical music,
bowling, & American football on television. He also plays the tuba. He is
a self-proclaimed expert at tuning in TV sets. In 1972, he made $11,000 a year.
He is extremely stingy & for his 25th wedding anniversary, rather than buying
his wife silver he considered taking her camping. His parents & his grandfather
are dead. His favorite food is chili with crackers ('It's the crackers that make
the dish', he comments in "Ransom for a Dead Man"), which he eats at
a greasy spoon. In early episodes (served by Burt) & in later episodes (served
by Barney himself) he gets his chili at the famous -- & very real -- Barney's
Beanery. In the middle episodes he is found eating chili at various different
places, but he is a "regular" at each chili spot that we see him patronize,
& is familiar to the staff, with whom he often chews over a case. Columbo
also loves coffee & drinks it black. Columbo rarely drinks alcohol but has
been known to drink the occasional beer, glass of wine, or spirit, & isn't
above sharing one last drink with someone he's about to put away. He also eats
raisins & candy, which he has been known to carry in his pocket & offer
round — especially at uncomfortable moments during one of his unassuming
interrogations. When called to a case in the early hours he brings hard-boiled
eggs to serve as his breakfast. He loves cigars (usually of the stubby, very smelly,
'Toscano' variety), which he smokes regularly (although more than once he gives
up smoking during the series, only to restart in the next episode). He speaks
Italian (though he states he does not to the Italian mob in an episode where he
is kidnapped by the mob) & a little Spanish. He is a whistler — in almost
every episode you can hear him whistle the children's song "This Old Man".
If he doesn't whistle it, it appears somewhere else, such as in the underscore.
A
major difference between the original Columbo series & what have come to be
known as the new Columbo, is the fame of the guest murderer-of-the-week. In the
original series, in almost all cases the featured villain was quite well known
in the acting world & easily recognizable to the public at large. In many,
but not all, of the new episodes, the guest villain is relatively unknown to the
public & not easily recognized by the audience.
Other appearances
Falk
appeared as Columbo in a faux episode of Alias produced for a 2003 TV special
celebrating the 50th anniversary of ABC. Featuring most of the regular cast of
the spy series, the skit began with Jack Bristow preparing agents Sydney Bristow
& Michael Vaughn for a mission, & informing them that they will have a
new partner - Detective Columbo. Columbo proceeds to wreak havoc at CIA headquarters,
accidentally shooting Vaughn with an anesthetic dart & volunteering to wear
a skimpy bikini intended for Sydney during the mission. Columbo reveals that his
mission is not to aid the CIA but rather to help Walt Disney Company/ABC head
Michael Eisner better understand the show. His work completed, Columbo departs,
leaving Jack Bristow to utter a confused, "My God, that was strange."
Falk also appeared as Columbo in the 1977 Dean Martin Celebrity Roast of Frank
Sinatra.
Falk appears as himself (but dressed as Columbo) in the 1993 Wim
Wenders film Faraway, So Close!, & as part of the plot he pretends to be scouting
locations for a Columbo movie in order to distract some security guards.
Books
Columbo
was also used as the protagonist for a series of novels published between 1994
& 1999 by Forge Books, an imprint of Tor Books. All of the books were written
by William Harrington.
Columbo creators Levinson & Link claimed
that Columbo was partially inspired by the Crime & Punishment character, Porfiry
Petrovich, as well as G.K. Chesterton's humble clerical detective Father Brown.
Other sources claim Columbo's character is based on Inspector Fichet from the
classic French suspense-thriller Les Diaboliques (1955).
Columbo's wardrobe
was provided by Peter Falk himself. They were his own clothes. The original trenchcoat
has been donated to the Smithsonian Institute.
Columbo's battered car is a
1959 Peugeot 403 convertible, which Falk selected personally from the studio's
inventory. When Columbo boasts that it's a rare automobile, he isn't lying: only
about 500 of them were built as two-door convertibles instead of four-door hardtops,
& the car is one of only two of this model in the US. (In "Identity Crisis",
Columbo tells the murderer that his is one of only three in the country.)
Peter
Falk would often ad-lib "Columbo-isms" (fumbling through pockets for
a piece of evidence & discovering a grocery list, asking to borrow a pencil,
becoming distracted by something irrelevant in the room, et cetera) into his performance
as a way to keep his fellow actors off-balance. He felt it helped to make their
characters' confused/impatient reactions to Columbo's antics more genuine.
The
character of Robert Goren (a well-knowledged & detail-obsessed man who frequently
intentionally comes off as distant & oblivious to suspects) from the NBC program
Law & Order: Criminal Intent, is partially inspired by Columbo. Other television
detective characters that show at least hints of being somewhat inspired by Columbo
include the obsessive-compulsive disorder & phobia & anxiety-ridden Adrian
Monk (from Monk) & the street-savvy but obvious slacker Shawn Spencer (from
Psych).
An animal version dubbed "Colambo" was a segment in the
children's educational show Sesame Street where he was a sheep
Columbo has
been parodied twice by The Simpsons. The first time, Simpson Tide, features Homer
Simpson attempting to do a Columbo impression, which consists simply of saying
"one more thing" in a gruff accent repeatedly. The second time, Chief
Wiggum attempts to defend his position as a police officer by saying that he was
"able to solve an episode of Columbo". On being told that they show
who committed the crime at the start of the episode, Wiggum replies "Yeah...
but you have to remember". The Columbo Effect is a term used by British doctors
for the habit of (usually male) patients of only saying what really worries them
just as they are about to leave, in the manner of Columbo's interviewing technique.
There are two obvious references in the series to Christopher Columbus. In
the episode "Dead Weight" when he is on a yacht with General Hollister,
Columbo shows obvious signs of seasickness. Hollister remarks that with a name
like Columbo he should have been at home on a boat. Columbo responds that it must
have been another branch of the family. In "Columbo & the Murder of a
Rock Star", the lawyer Creighton keeps calling him "Columbus" at
first.
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