Founded by the Vikings in the 10th century, Dublin became the centre of English power in Ireland after the 12th century Norman conquest of half of Ireland (Munster and Leinster). Over time, however, many of the Anglo-Norman conquerors were absorbed into the Irish culture, adopting the Irish language and customs, leaving a small area around Dublin called the Pale under direct English control. People outside this area were still considered savage, giving rise to the expression "Beyond the Pale".
By the beginning of the 18th century the English had re-established control and imposed the harsh Penal Laws on the Catholic majority of Ireland's population. In Dublin however the Protestant ascendency was thriving, and the city expanded rapidly from the 17th century onward.
In 1782-1800 the city housed an independent (though still exclusively Protestant) Irish Parliament, and it was during this period that much of the great Georgian buildings of Dublin were built. In 1801 under the Act of Union, Ireland lost this parliament and with it much of its political influence, though the city's growth continued. The Gresham Hotel is a hotel in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Located on what is now O'Connell Street, the hotel is a Dublin institution and is known throughout the world. This landmark building has recently been refurbished, marrying the traditional styles of The Gresham with the contemporary style of the 21st Century. The Clarence is a luxury hotel in Dublin, Ireland. Originally built in 1852, it was transformed into a contemporary design in 1996 by its owners, U2 band members, Bono and The Edge.
The Clarence Hotel has 49 bedrooms and all guestrooms have been uniquely designed to provide accommodation that is simple and elegant. The Octagon Bar has remained a favourite Dublin watering hole throughout the hotel's history. It is a popular meeting place for lunches, pre-dinner drinks, cocktail receptions and dining. The Shelbourne Hotel is a famous hotel situated in a landmark building on the north side of St Stephen's Green. Currently operated by Marriott International, the hotel has 265 rooms in total and reopened in March 2006 after undergoing an eighteen-month refurbishment. Clontarf Castle (Irish: Caisleán Chluain Tarbh) is a much-modernised castle, dating to 1837, in Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland, an area famous as a key location of the Battle of Clontarf in 1014. There has been a castle on the site since 1172.
In 1916 the British crushed the Republican
Easter Rising in the city. Between 1919 and 1921 Ireland experienced the Irish
War of Independence. The result was the Anglo-Irish Treaty between Britain and
Ireland which created the Irish Free State.
The Irish Free State, which was founded on December 6, 1922, based its parliament, Oireachtas Éireann, in Dublin, in a former dual palace called Leinster House. The Governor-General of the Irish Free State, who represented the King, resided in the Viceregal Lodge in the city largest park, Phoenix Park.
In 1937, a new constitution, called Bunreacht na hÉireann, created the new state called Éire (called since 1949 the Republic of Ireland). The President of Ireland now lives in the renamed Viceregal Lodge, known as Áras an Uachtaráin. The Oireachtas remains in Leinster House.
City Government
Dublin City is governed by Dublin City Council (formerly called Dublin Corporation) with is presided over by the Lord Mayor of Dublin.
County Dublin
Dublin (often referred to as County Dublin) was also the name of one of Ireland's thirty-two counties and a local government administrative unit. In the late twentieth century, was divided in four, producing four counties or administrative units, namely
* Dublin City
* Dublin County
* Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown
* Fingal
Areas of Dublin City:
* North side
* South side
Events
Image:Pthchallceiling.jpg
Powerscourt
Townhouse Centre
18th century decor in a stately mansion, now turned into a
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* 1853 - Great Industrial Exhibition (1853)
* 1865
- International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures (1865)
* 1874 - International
Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures (1874)
* 1907 -
It has
*
National Print Museum of Ireland
* Trinity College, Dublin
* University
College, Dublin
County Dublin covers an area of 922 km2 and contains over a million inhabitants.
Dublin is also a name of some places in the United States of America:
* Dublin, California
* Dublin, Georgia
* Dublin,
New Hampshire
* Dublin, Ohio
* Dublin, Virginia
* Dublin Township,
Pennsylvania
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