The fall of Rome and How that affected Britain

The Fall of Rome, and how that affected Britain and Ireland. In 382 Visigoths, of Transylvania fleeing Huns from the E, allied with the Roman Empire, And some were allowed to settle parts of the empire, These who were recently, converted as Arian Christians, and would be even in Iberia, Too 589, A difference with Catholic Rome, Which I shall discuss later, About Christ being seen as below God, not part of the trinity, In 395 they saw the Romans, Had split their Roman empire, and they also split their's but for dynastic family reasons, The Roman Empire also divided in 395 AD, for similar reasons, After a emperor who had seen the land reunite for a while, Who had adopted Christianity as the state religon, But it does seem to have been for dynastic reasons, The 11 Highest Volcanoes on Earth in 2006With both emperor's being declared emperor, by the father, & the Visigoths invaded the empire, after this, Only to be defeated, The Visigoths had allied in the 370s, after attacking the Balkans in the 260s, Being pushed back to Dacia, by campaigns, Then as of attacks from Huns, begging Rome to be allowed to settle S of the Danube, The allowance of Rome of them into their territory, Saw many of the Visogoths die on the other sides, unable to cross it, Being attacked by Huns, or starvation, Some in a famine in the Roman area were pushed into faminous camps by Romans, And left to die, what they did later showed good upbringing states, and bad, Can do bad, but we should all try and be good, This helped cause them to revolt, The Visigoths then became an army, and took many places, And were allowed to settle after battles in 382, to pacify them, they developed into a society, Crushing Roman armies that underestimated them, and were using them earlier for wars, Actually there were some conflicts but the biggest the Visigoth empire, attack came in 408, After Roman legions massacred 30,000 Barbarian soldiers fearing them, Vandals a tribe from Germany, Also joined this mass attack, on a weak Rome, The tribe were also possibly a few Cs earlier in Poland, With probable Celtic or German links, At times fighting Goths, They started to move W in 400, as of the terrible Hun attacks on them, They had spent their lives ploughing, with bronze implements, & buying Roman equipment, even using Roman coins, Where cremations were common, & burials, The poor probably being cremated, In the Polish-Hungary area, Whose society acted on large slave raiding for sale to the empire basis very often, In 406, Cottoned onto this climatic, political chaos in Rome, And being pushed W, partly in attacks from Huns, Making them want to find new lands, Allied with S-Germany's Swabia's Suebi, Who were the most agricultural of the tribes who invaded, But still left harvesting to the old & women, Other tribes, and even they were more pastoralist, than urban, And some Sarmatians, came along too, who were a pastoral tribe They cross a winter's icy Rhine, in 406, Wintry when this is not normally what happens, Showing they were just using a freak event, to attack, Looting and killing, the cities of the W edge of the Rhine, while 100000 plus die, Largely in sacking Cologne, & taking it's wealth, The first time the river had frozen over in ages, Added to this, Romans had sent forces across the Rhine, attacking Barbarian raids on other places, In 401, against Visigoths, and Vandals, With both withdrawing back to their German and Balkan bases, But in the last day of 406, the Rhine froze, so it could be crossed, a rare event in many ways, Though over 20000 Vandals, Also die fighting Franks, & other Roman ally tribes of Netherlands, Visigoths invade again, & sack Rome, in 410, These tribes were soon given empires in France & Spain, as part of Roman civil wars, To make them become placated and be dealed with by certain Roman leaders, they helped, Spain's leaders quickly handed them control, Opposing central government's repression, Visigoths got the lion's share in S-France, & Spain, This was part of a series of attacks, that over the C destroyed the Roman polity, One group that was helping push the Germanic tribes W, Who would not take part, but would in other invasions were, The E-Asian Turk-Mongolian Huns, who also had Finn, and Iranian stock among them, Not from any of those nations probably, but from others in what became the USSR, I feel, Their horse's hooves thuddering, as their camps, & wagon-caravans led by horses come, in huge numbers over mountains and rivers, Fighting, they were long haired, bearded, With capes, on horses, They had massed in 1000s of people, as communities, of men, women and children, Moving here under leaders' orders, Possibly once members of the Mongol Xiongu of China, And pushed W by China's attacks, over the Cs, & recently according to many, Taking the Black-Sea's Goth realms, Ukraine, for their horses to graze, In 370-424AD, Taking the Danube in the 430s, Taking over Hungary they became sedentary, developing infantry there, Some Romans east of Ukraine, had been invited to settle parts of modern Hungary in the 360s,l But did not come in large numbers, infact not at all, And did not enter European history until the 370s attacks on Goths, After making their wealth strong, by hiring mercenaries, to Rome, Then forcing bribes from Rome and Byzantium, to not attack, From the point, When they defeated Goths, in that 370-410s era, The Huns, a culture of cauldrons, patterned with styles, Women wearing expensive jewelry, Egyptian paste, on top of Mongol-Turk, clothes, Austrian tribes adopting their head deformer cult, And with the Huns massacring Balkan cities, With 1 a decade later, filled with bones, And their terrifying evil hordes, in a happy story for the people of this city, So like Lord of the Rings even if both sides were quite evil, Stopped by Byzantium's gates, This depopulating, in future, aided the Slavs of E-Europe come and colonise, With great crossbows, helping their invasions across Europe, 700000 burn and ransack, most of Gaul & it's cities, in feudal chancing, in 447, And Italy a few years later, But they were beaten, at a battle, when 20/250,000 die, By the Romans helped by the Franks, and Visigoths, in 452, Some Christians felt they were in Armageddon, as prophesised in their Bible, With Huns, Cooking meat between their thighs, on horseback, shouting as they fight, The evilest women, wanting evilest, strongest men, like the devils' concubines, Despising the strange, swivel eyed, weird looking, peculiar, But not a evil snob or bully, Who claims quiet people are snobs when of course quiet people keep away from snobs, As they've been pushed away & told they are different, tuh tuh its unfair, In the meantime, the Hunnish Empire had stretched from W-Kazakhstan, Too S-Latvia, and too N-Greece, and E-Germany, And also parts of N-Iran, at times, There big attacks on the Roman Empire starting in 440, Destroying 100 cities in the Balkans alone, and many more in France, The Huns then settled under other tribes in the Empire, after they were beat, With some leaving E, and some killed, They may have included many tribes from Maygars to Bulgars, Britain built shore forts V Germany's Saxon ships, or Pict raids, in the 4thC, Some Germans broke the Central Asian hordes back, in wars, Settling Gaul, Hungary, as 400AD, Roman mercenaries, By 488 Austria aswell, was taken by Germans, Evicting the Christianized Latinised Celts, The empire removed itself from grassy plains Hungary in 395AD, A area which was soon taken by the Huns, for a period, Rome received homage from the N-Rhine marshes aswell, Where hunting, mercenary, Scandinavia/Germany Gods worshipping Franks, Dwelt in 358AD, Being allowed to settle more of there as they allied to Rome, But on withdrawal of Rome from these areas, They saw Frankish armies took N-Gaul as happens, from 410-430s mainly, Taking over the locals, absorbing feudal & slave cultures, & estates, As many tribe flooded in, They & the Saxons also took much of the Netherlands and Belgium, And push their culture on locals, It is felt the strengthened Franks gave up Roman memberships in 453, As their allies in the Imperial palaces were killed, But they were quite divided, These rivals in imperial palace, had even massacred many loyal Barbarians, in 408, By the 3rdC, N-Ukraine, & Russia's, Slavs, They develop trading posts on river systems, plains and rolling hills, Kyiv & the N's Novgorod, Were founded by 500AD, 2/5 of Russia is tundra, even in the European bit, And of the N, & that area was not so much used, and often left to Finnish cultures, who were more suited, But even they at times received some pushing back of their tribes into enclaves in Russia, And of course Finland overtime, The Slavs possessed hillfort style communities, With log house homes, smoking fires, and chimneys, With warmer Ukraine, with it's black Earth had more people, But was very much held by steppe nomads, in many areas for a few Cs, Steepe tribes who farmed livestock seasonally, Often having winter settlements they returned to, Where often for some tribes only women & children stayed in the Summer grazing, Like of those tribes invading the Roman Empire, North Asia, was to see many changes, & by 600AD, it saw a Turkish empire federation, It was expressly less Mongol than it could have been there, Like the recent incoming to there Black-Sea Turk Khazars, too Turk Kyrzyk's in the Far E, Just above China, unlike the modern land of a similar name, Included federations of horse owner tribes, with the people smelling of the species, to some, But this empire, trading to China, & Europe, split W, E in 585, Switzerland, saw Burgundian Germans annex the NW-plains, Integrating local Celts, The very democratic for the age Alemannians came in large numbers from N-Germany Too it's E-Rhine, So any nationality can be democratic or undemocratic, they should be democratic, They push Celts too the Alps, whose centuries became the Romansh, Related to Ladin, which is a tongue lasting to after 2003, In 2003, 35,000 spoke it some in Austria and Italy, Alongside a N-Italy lake, isolating it's links, & Friulian in the more Tyrol areas, With 30,000 speaking Ladin, up there in icy slopes, and green valleys, And 0.6million speak Friulian, a E Ladin, massively in Venice's N, border with Austria, Baiovarri Germans, annex Bavaria's Germans after 558, The longest pregnancy is by the Alpine Salamander in Europe, Of 38 months, It is 10cm, long & black, & lives high in the mountains, with it having eggs, And is endangered, in the rocky, & pebbly & icy areas, China was also struck in this crisis, City-dwelling officials, note deaths of urbanites they felt to be inferior, And don't report remote rural areas much, As they lack information on there, but it is assured they were dying in large numbers, Expert Asian horsemen invaded, conquering civilizations, As before this, The areas are collapsing in pressure; So tribes invade free fresh vacuums land, The new weather harming food resources and abilities to fight, And making weather patterns upsetting defence plans of large empires, Many in China fears the world is about to end, And this belief is very common, in all parts of the world, Not just little fears, but huge, Far more than just a few observers, fears, but loads, Of course famine was regular, Every decade there were huge 1s in all parts of every continent, Sometimes pan-continental, Causing sinful devastation, cutting city, village, and national populations, But these were far worse, Wales saw town walls grew in late Rome, As Saxon sea raids rose, Rome's life expectancy for Britain was 30, Despite many other places being richer, it was 25 globally, as pre-historically, But was lower in less technology lands, 25% of babies die, in these eras, 50% for under 5s, When now in 2005 it was single percents at most for that, But all importantly here, Famine, & elitist misrule, Saw in 410, saw Rome depart from protecting, off the British, French, & the Spanish, In the constant Barbarian raids, civil wars, & threats, Which saw Franks come into much of France, N of the areas that other Barbarians oppressed, Some were colonizing, but most people under them were just oppressed locals, In a way like before, But in a way even worse, As this new group felt they were even more different from locals than before, Latin Gaulic speaking areas, merging cultures overtime, as slaves, But their culture was the main source of the language's words, So Gaulish is developed as French, and also Catalan, With Italian also developing in a similar way, and Spanish, S of Catalans, quite similar, Britain's civitas become statelets, In the mayhem, Ulster's Scots influx, & settle W-Scotland, E-Britain, receives Denmark's, and Germany's, Angles/Saxons/Jutes/Franks and Frisians, Mythologically a Pelagius Christian overlord, That is a form of Christianity declared heretical by Rome's Christians, Fearing Rome's Christians, invites German and Danish and Dutch mercenaries, These rebel in 442, and invite more, and tookover by 450, So they were a better army foothold, v a less militaristic land, Some say, the conquest was by an elite of 50000 colonizing members, With locals adopting their culture, Or they wiped out the locals, replacing them by births, & immigration, My poem declares early migrations of many lands unless stated, As either, as its usually unknown, Because evidence is not firm enough, A lead state usually chooses which history, in biased ways towards it, & decides upon what race science, & this can be correct liberal, Or skewed by ultra-nationalist views, And some claim the whole story is a lie, And that actually their was no invasion, & they just accepted Germanic ways by trade, Some states leaders wanted to think of them as separate so adopted small parts of their history, Or felt ridiculous things were true, I think what happened in England was a mix of both things, Added to by certain great plagues and famines, which aided English attacks, And were aided by English attacks, On England's low plains, 100s of Pagan states replace the British's, Like Essex/Suffolk/Sussex/Kent/E-Anglia made the SE it's slaves, Including many of it's islands, as their's, And making many of the people their's, Of valleys, broken by low hills & rivers, & some of the longest fields in Britain, Perfect for crops, & some livestock, Human sacraficers, were definitely occurring, Plus some cannibalism, huge grave goods, for evil leaders, Snake symbol swords, myths, pointy vizered helmets, With the eyes hidden behind eye hole styles, Soon 10s of Anglo-Saxon states unite to raid, expand, The fact is some areas seem to have more English names that Celt, And so much of England in some area syndicates the locals populations being annihilated, But others indicate this not being the case, But what could have happened is they helped kill some millions of people, Across the countryside, & the grass's pheromones, And birds of prey, with their speed enshonched shape, & wings, & hooky beak, Flying from twiggy bushes, With grass tuck in their beaks, after attacking a creature passing grass, Or blowing in it, while it attacks it in air, Or lifting creatures by claws, there, I say I think there was an invasion, & massacres, & such, But British populations were absorbed, Just like some of the non-conquering colonists, And such, & in some areas even in non-Celtic parts of England, majorities, which merged, The English may be more British than the name suggests, But maybe majority English blood, With other immigrants of Celts harming that, But this then becoming the English race and nation, So different to other nations purely by the people who were there, But not that different or similar to other British nations, With some areas being more like other nations than themselves, but still as English as most, But surely the Welsh states were more British, But they had been mixtures of such immigrations too, Meanwhile in Wales, there are 10s of states, Gwynedd, was the NW's major one, & often the strongest in the country, With the advantage of the great wheat source, Ynys Mon's low fields, Long slowly curving gradients, rises, falls, wide panoramas, Bangor's coast's livestock on short Grassy wet fields, huts, flats/slants, Upto 100-200, metres of them too steep cliffs, hills, Looks inland, sees steep green big mountains, of goats, climber, Sometimes rain hides them, The state uses high rocky, green Snowdonia, grass on rocks, above routes, To be tiring invaders, of English and fellow British states, Especially when it rains, securing it's strength, The area covers most of the interior, High lake's pebbly beaches, that are sometimes sitting on swathes, Of even smaller dirt & sharp small stones, as thin as ice, or dirt, With just some villages and farms, And stones sitting on the sides, of turf, or rocks, stones, boulders, islets in the land, In the rivers, Cut off into tiny areas, by mounds, & such, And the streams, & rivers, In highest areas below sunnier, or more rainy peaks, With small yellow cane, or grass aside them, or wet turf, or such, There are far less people, except in very hot Cs, and even then not that many, With livestock farming commoner up here, Grey passes, through these highs, & some forested gorge like valleys, Have plenty of scree rocks siding these passes at times, Enough to layer entire isles with, Stacked a few metres deep, of boulders, & thinner ones, Like slates, of many sizes, But most of those highlands, are lakes, high hills, Of thinly grassed fields, & small wet canes, And like this, A wide bottomed, valley, sided by of grass, with fluffy wool full grown, sheep by boulder's, Bluish dull green grass, filled with tiny dirt patches within them, A small stream cutting through it, Sided, by 1 foot cliff vertical gradients, That are cut by rises in water, turf dirt, & roots, & small canes, that is normally only half full, And filled by rocks making their way over years downstream, that create rapids, And such for tiddlers, tiny little fishes, & water insects, on surface, Underneath and floor, With the odd dug out bits on some wet soggy, slopes, In the S of the area, of Gwynedd, As the range pushes to Mid Wales there are less peaks, & flatter fields, For livestock which go down a bit, reaching to the plateau of Mid-Wales, Some of the plateau, there is far flatter, with horizon hills, instead of valleys, Thats brighter in Summer, like Snowdon's peaks, but far more snowy, & cold in winter, The English call the British they are replacing, the Welsh, It is probably a deviation of the word for Latinised, like Vlach Romania, N-Italy Welsch, Derived from a German term, Probably birthing from the name of a French tribal regional area, see, Walloon, SE-Belgium, Speaking Frankish tongues, Switzerland's French are called Welschen, by some, For probably quite similar reasons, as the Welsh, Wales, Cornwall last, through their attacks, maybe more self-rule experience, But probably because their geography is more rugged, & less suited to plain's warfare, & raids, In the 444AD plague, millions of Britons die, Saxons took depopulated areas, And some depopulated cities, Some of which were feared by them as diseased, & not entered by the invaders, Some say the diseases spread as of the British being more linked to the Iberians, And to the Roman Empire which had plague epidemics, and as they were attacked more, By their ruthless opponents, The Angles replace elites in ruined parts, And it's militias often raid W, In evil lust, While opponents do at times too, Possibly Welsh civitas, were less elitist, than E-Britain, Or more independent & able to rule themselves, there, Caerwent becoming Gwent, defends itself, There are still plaques, Of stone their today saying it was a state running itself within Rome, The fact it was so independent probably made it able to defend itself, With the Roman towns walls, Surrounding the old capital, still their that were built late in the Roman era, Probably as of building and rural ways, Fearing Saxon attacks, by pirates, & fearing such, With the walls, A few metres high, & of turrets, & surrounded today by sheep fields, & a village, This Caerwent, which then pushes for a while to hillforts to the late millennia, When they start more being in ports & towns, Also the Spanish and Germans saw some hillforts restart, And maybe some other lands, indeed some Polish and Russians used it, Some Russians restarted the idea very late, and Swedes, And some Finns used it to the second millennia, Trades to Spain as much as the highly settled Thames, And it kept churches, as the rest of it's plain that spreads to that river, S of Wales did not, In 461, it's missionaries, were Christianizing Ireland, A land which had no snakes, Even before the missionaries, claimed to have ridded them, Celtic ways reshone, Such as hillforts, Built in the W, of it's old lands, like SW-England's Devon, or S-Wales's Glamorgan, As well as old Roman ways continuing like big thatched roof wooden halls, Built in surviving states, to add to this, Cornwall was trading to Turkey, With large amounts of wine amphorae arriving in swaps or tin, While most lived as slaves, & peasants, Like till 537, The fabled Arthur's horsed warriors British alliances fighting invaders; Creating myths, about the lost lands, & territories, of feudal figures, capital, Camelot, Some historical pieces mention people similar to him, Remembered in British culture Cs, even Scotland's S, Placed anywhere in British Britain, in legends, They said Arthur pulled a sword, from a rock, in competition, As a wimpy looking fellow, making him leader, of the whole of the Britons, Except just some, While strong kings could not, He lived by druids, wizards, turning to birds, & turned back the Saxon hoards, On his defeat, he threw the sword back in to a lake, It was said at one day lands would be regained by rebirth of the leader never killed, Some say he was just a fellow, Who was just a band of horsemen, Who fought in bands against the Anglo-Saxon states, It is felt British states fought eachother, at times, But also hated the Anglo-Saxons more sometimes fighting them, Indeed some nat histories of big states always use this kind of thing, And try and claim the smaller nations were not fighting for independence, As some of their people fought on their side, but this was untrue, it was just as they, Saw money in fighting for the stronger side, and often wanted, To fight for the other side really, or rebelled later, aswell, By 700, Wales, was possessed by a few main states, Not just 10s anymore, With the main few, receiving homage from others, the smaller remaining states, That sometimes reappeared on leader's deaths, There was the SE's Morgannwg, Middle's Powys, And N's Gwynedd, But more smaller states, within their border areas, Claimed to be quite powerful, meanwhile giving them fielty, Each had a few local unit cantrefs of upland or coast valleys, later, Which each had dynasty's capitals, It took 3-days for monks or traders to cross the SW's Dyfed, That region's major regional state, It had Irish incomers, & a few crannies, claiming Celtic gods, Whose E, comfy cliff home overlooks few trees, cattle/sheep mown square Teifi valley, & bases, To the S, many Britons fled, after the Roman attacks to the renamed Brittany, It had a culture, very much like the old British, ones, Along it's rocky coasts, & such, it survived Frankish attacks, but had to give it homage, And it's smudgy green fields, & greyish blue light, & evenings, Warmer though, a lovingly so nicer morning, at times, It became quite independent in the 9thC, Eating limpets, from the seashore, plus chestnuts, & in some eras, porridge, By 593, England's statelets had developed overlords, like Sussex, 'S-Scotland, NW-England,' positioned British Strathclyde, Was vitally knocked by the Saxons, Whose battles in 616, won Chester, Striking across the plains, of small narrow deep streams hid by bushes, Or horizon lining hills, but fertile, with much grass, & room for towns on rivers, In 614, non-Cornwall SW-England, was taken aswell, When taking these lands they also raided Bangor killing upto 1200 monks, & nuns, This activity cut off the most N British, From the S, The massacre was in hills above Bangor, that are steep & wooded, So allot of running would have occurred, A few could have escaped, or more, maybe, but it was ooh so terrible, And these sorts of things were occurring often before then too, They began invading N-England, 450, setting up bases, & growing from there, It's agglomerating, enlarging, Europe trading 'Northumberland', Mops up Brits' states, that were so divided, Finishingly S-Yorkshire's Elmet, was taken 627-33, It becomes English's main, Feuding, unfair Britain's rulers led serfs, Who stay same land, forbid to travel from, whoever owns, As pan-Europe, Do, same job, service, as ancestors, ask permission to marry, ingrained inequality, Developing from the slave system, & tenure systems, of the empire, With many slaves, surviving in service too, Briton's Goddodin led Edinburgh's coastal plain, big timber high tent-like hall's feasts, Seedy flat countryside, thorny salad vegetation mounds, Short granite, cliff faces, 6 single heather plants flutter in wind, Picts attack 538, Northumbrias's 638, 563AD, Irish Scots missionaries see the Loch Ness monster, in myth, Along the narrow but deep 37km long, 1km wide, lake, With it's imaginary long neck, And also the grouse like capercalie, amid higher areas, for the isle's forests, And golden darkish moss, on squishy lands, And more fertile grass fields, by lochs, And their beautiful songs made Pict Inverness, accept Christianity, Which spread across Highlands, Tall stone tower brochs local bases, like forts, Cs past, That need winding steps round the inside to reach the top of them, In narrow, but short, room for feet, Europe's old pagan hubs made churches, just here aswell, Fisher coast-Greannich/gloomy green, Grampian's hard working farmers, On the high rolling mound hills, & such, And flatter towns, & plains aswell, for cattle, below grey, sometimes smudgily blue skies, on interior, But brighter blues on coasts, & higher mountains interior, St Kilda's 7 or so island's, round the main, Of gull egg eaters, hunting them, & in great difficulty climbing to reach nests, Birds cover, whiten entire islet sea-rocks in shrieking, dive off, fishing, For their eggs, babies, in nests, Cramped incredibly close in 1000s, unwalkable, sometime son cliff faces, Not just the whole rocks, muddied, dirtied slopes, And bird muck laden, muck used for heating by some, Or like many isles, washing their clothes in their urine, Or using urine as a thing to help make clothes, To help strengthen tweed, & make it a waterproof strong fabric, In parts of the Western Isles, with women helping men onto boats, Wading into shores to be able to do this, Or feathers collected with things, for hairy rough vests, & hard smoother tougher material coats, From 685, Northumbria weakens, And this gives a opportunity for the states to the N, to strengthen themselves, Usually hereditary heads equal bloodshed, With their battles dividing Scotland's Angle/Viking, Warring Picts, Scots, fight with wood/metal, axes/swords, Now unite as weakly led, Alba, by the year 844, In hereditary ruler's marriage, Scots Gaelic via this, starts replacing Pict, English nobles, meanwhile, Had to accept the influence of free peasant farmers freemen's meetings, They had strength in social kinship units, explaining some of their success, Slave's valueless, in these systems, Though some areas had very few of them, in their villages, E less slaves, sheriffs in big states, German ideas, 30-550 people member villages, Few markets, Kent was the first state to become Christian in 597, some like 653AD, Mercia, Adopt the Celtic version briefly, Last 687, Isle of Wight, pagans finishing, When most of the Pagan population were killed, maybe unlike most takings, England had a national Roman Archbishop in 669, Wales was filled by hamlets, some European trade, No pottery among upland pastoralists, less slaves than it's own S's, manors's, serfs, Britain's rulers use monasteries, priests, to legitimise their commands, Even making serfs pledge to do service for them, using the church, for this, And accepting local customs into the church not thinking those inconsistencies mattered, The 11266Sq2, basin of the Severn River, in England's W, Saw it's E state Hwicce, taken by the Midland's Mercia, post-600, By 750s, it masters all, that is S of the Humber, but not in the 800s, By 796, it declared the position of the Welsh border, By placing it in between the quite gentle sloping floored valleys, Sometimes gorges, & woods, Wye, Too the N's Dee river's sandy flat estuaries, And some conscripted digger's dyke, in the middle, By 850, Southerly Wessex, took elongated coastal Cornwall, Of big tin-mines, ports, rugged granite moors, In this merging of the states, By the 800s, there were 7main English states, Which were merging across their territorial areas, & dependencies, An evil success of colonialism, It's a terrifying muscled out thought, for the people attacked, & colonized, But allot of waters gone under the bridge since, & everythings been forgot, Ireland, still had 100's of tiny kingdoms, Led by tiny wood forts with ditches, on their outskirts, & near mounds in rolling hills areas, or such's rises, farmsteads, Usually the land was still split up into states, Still the 4 ancient provinces are sometimes united, Other times they even unite totally, under 1 ruthless sovereign, Spikes covered, soft hedgehogs eat ringed smooth worms, That scrawl through the ground, Regions often united, despite leaders trying to stir horrific wars, Iron-Age-1000AD myths of cattle raids & kings plundering eachother, Showing hierarchy's badness, Serfs whiff dust, as they toil more summer dust, It was the same around the world, Nations, groups divided it, Ruling-elites often use masses inventions from hard working schooled, Or not inventors below them, To exploit tribes, Trading ideas, using inventions for oppression, Usually inventions from ordinary people silted desires, & so improved lives, In some senses they made people leveller, & equaller, And could make it harder for elites to keep control,