The term Far East was popularized in the English language during the period of the British Empire as a blanket term for lands to the east of British India. Prior to World War I, the Near East referred to relatively nearby lands of the Ottoman Empire, Middle East to northwestern South Asia and Central Asia, and Far East for countries along the western Pacific Ocean and countries along the eastern Indian Ocean. Many European languages have analogous terms, such as the French Extrême-Orient, Spanish Extremo Oriente, Portuguese Extremo Oriente, German Ferner Osten, Italian Estremo Oriente, Polish Daleki Wschód, and Dutch Verre Oosten.
Cultural as well as geographic meaning
Significantly, the term evokes cultural as well as geographic separation; the Far East is not just geographically distant, but also culturally exotic. It never refers, for instance, to the culturally Western nations of Australia and New Zealand, which lie even farther to the east of Europe than East Asia itself. This combination of cultural and geographic subjectivism was well illustrated in 1939 by the Prime Minister of Australia, R. G Menzies. Reflecting upon his country's geopolitical concerns with the onset of war, Menzies commented that:
"The problems of the Pacific are different. What Great Britain calls the Far East is to us the near north."
Far East in its usual sense is comparable to terms such as the Orient, which means East; the Eastern world; or simply the East. South East Asia and the Russian Far East might now be included in the Far East to some extent due to recent Chinese migration to Russia, and the Korean diaspora in Russia.
Eurocentrism
Use of the term in the Western world has become somewhat circumscribed due to its Eurocentrism and association with European imperialism in Asia. The more precise East Asia and Southeast Asia, or larger umbrella terms, such as Pacific Rim, are preferred in cultural and economic studies. The region's growth has also given new meaning to the term as meaning the Far East of the world (i.e. the easternmost continental land in the Eastern Hemisphere) rather than to the Far East of Europe.
Despite its shortcomings, the term is unlikely to fade from use completely due to historical usage within the names of many Asian-based commercial enterprises and institutions. Examples include: Far Eastern National University in Vladivostok, Far Eastern University in the City of Manila, South Korean's Far East University, and the Hong Kong-based Far Eastern Economic ReviewNORTh America have historically used Far East for several military units and commands in the region:
* British
Far East Command
* RAF Far East Air Force
* U.S. Far East Air Force
* The U.S. Far East Network
Sinosphere, also known as East Asian Cultural
Sphere, Chinese world, Chinese cultural sphere or Chinese-character cultural sphere
(simplified Chinese:traditional Chinese: pinyin: Hànzì Wénhuà
Qua-n), a term coined by linguist James Matisoff, is a grouping of countries and
regions that are currently inhabited with a majority Chinese population or were
historically under heavy Chinese cultural influence. It is commonly used in areal
linguistics to contrast with Indosphere, which refers to the cultures and languages
influenced by proximity to India. James C. Bennett, founder of The Anglosphere
Institute, sees it as a network commonwealth between Chinese people around the
world. Bennett envisages the Sinosphere as consisting of Greater China, and to
some extent, its overseas Chinese population in Southeast Asia, notable countries
like Malaysia and Singapore. One of the main unifying links is based on the Chinese
language. The term Four Asian Tigers or East Asian Tigers refers to the economies
of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. These regions were noted for
maintaining high growth rates and rapid industrialization between the early 1960s
and 1990s. In the early 21st century, with the original four Tigers at fully developed
status, attention has increasingly shifted to other Asian economies which are
experiencing rapid economic transformation at the present time. Russian Far East
is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east
parts of Russia, between Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. The Russian Far Eastern
Federal District, which covers this area, should not be confused with the Siberian
Federal District, which does not stretch all the way to the Pacific. East Asia
is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical[4] or cultural[5]
terms. Geographically, it covers about 12,000,000 km², or about 28 percent
of the Asian continent, about 15 percent bigger than the area of Europe. More
than 1.5 billion people, about 40 percent of the population of Asia or a quarter
of all the people in the world, live in geographic East Asia, which is about twice
the population of Europe. The region is one of the world's most crowded places.
The population density of East Asia, 131 per km², is about three times the
world average of 45 per km²
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