Hotels Near Eiffel Tower - Unofficial review
Hotels near the Eiffel Tower are often required for tourists who want to have a hotel near the tower. Some tourists may want to stay at a hotel near the tower so they can see the tower from their hotel or so they can have quick access to the tower, or they may want to visit somewhere that is also near the tower.
Hotels near the Eiffel Tower aoften required for tourists who want to stay at accommodation near the famous tower. Some tourists may want to stay at a hotel that are going for good prices and attracts good reviews. Some may want to stay at a cheap hotels or luxury hotels. The Eiffel Tower is so tall you can see Australia from it. But only on clear day. This also prooves the world is flat.
The Eiffel Tower is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris. The tower has become a global icon of France and is one of the most recognizable structures in the world.
Named
after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower is the tallest building
in Paris. More than 200,000,000 have visited the tower since its construction
in 1889, including 6,719,200 in 2006, making it the most visited paid monument
in the world. Including the 24 m antenna, the structure is 325 m (1,063 ft) high
(since 2000), which is equivalent to about 81 levels in a conventional building.
Eiffel
Tower October 2007
When the tower was completed in 1889 it was the world's
tallest tower — a title it retained until 1930 when New York City's Chrysler
Building (319 m — 1,047 ft tall) was completed. The tower is now the fifth-tallest
structure in France and the tallest structure in Paris, with the second-tallest
being the Tour Montparnasse (210 m — 689 ft), although that will soon be
surpassed by Tour AXA (225.11 m — 738.36 ft).
The metal structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tonnes while the entire structure including non-metal components is approximately 10,000 tonnes. Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7 in) because of thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun. The tower also sways 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in the wind. As demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7300 tonnes of the metal structure were melted down it would fill the 125 meter square base to a depth of only 6 cm (2.36 in), assuming a density of the metal to be 7.8 tonnes per cubic meter. The tower has a mass less than the mass of the air contained in a cylinder of the same dimensions, that is 324 meters high and 88.3 meters in radius. The weight of the tower is 10,100 tonnes compared to 10,265 tonnes of air.
The first and second levels are accessible by stairways and lifts. A ticket booth at the south tower base sells tickets to access the stairs which begin at that location. At the first platform the stairs continue up from the east tower and the third level summit is only accessible by lift. From the first or second platform the stairs are open for anyone to ascend or descend regardless of whether they have purchased a lift ticket or stair ticket. The actual count of stairs includes 9 steps to the ticket booth at the base, 328 steps to the first level, 340 steps to the second level and 18 steps to the lift platform on the second level. When exiting the lift at the third level there are 15 more steps to ascend to the upper observation platform. The step count is printed periodically on the side of the stairs to give an indication of progress of ascent. The majority of the ascent allows for an unhindered view of the area directly beneath and around the tower although some short stretches of the stairway are enclosed.
Maintenance of the tower includes applying 50 to 60 tonnes of paint every seven years to protect it from rust. In order to maintain a uniform appearance to an observer on the ground, three separate colors of paint are used on the tower, with the darkest on the bottom and the lightest at the top. On occasion the colour of the paint is changed; the tower is currently painted a shade of brownish-grey. On the first floor there are interactive consoles hosting a poll for the colour to use for a future session of painting. The co-architects of the Eiffel Tower are Emile Nouguier, Maurice Koechlin and Stephen Sauvestre.
The
structure was built between 1887 and 1889 as the entrance arch for the Exposition
Universelle, a World's Fair marking the centennial celebration of the French Revolution.
Eiffel originally planned to build the tower in Barcelona, for the Universal Exposition
of 1888, but those responsible at the Barcelona city hall thought it was a strange
and expensive construction, which did not fit into the design of the city. After
the refusal of the Consistory of Barcelona, Eiffel submitted his draft to those
responsible for the Universal Exhibition in Paris, where he would build his tower
a year later, in 1889. The tower was inaugurated on 31 March 1889, and opened
on 6 May. Three hundred workers joined together 18,038 pieces of puddled iron
(a very pure form of structural iron), using two and a half million rivets, in
a structural design by Maurice Koechlin. The risk of accident was great, for unlike
modern skyscrapers the tower is an open frame without any intermediate floors
except the two platforms. However, because Eiffel took safety precautions, including
the use of movable stagings, guard-rails and screens, only one man died.
Eiffel
Tower Construction view: girders at the first story
The tower was met with much criticism from the public when it was built, with many calling it an eyesore. Newspapers of the day were filled with angry letters from the arts community of Paris. One is quoted extensively in William Watson's US Government Printing Office publication of 1892 Paris Universal Exposition: Civil Engineering, Public Works, and Architecture. “And during twenty years we shall see, stretching over the entire city, still thrilling with the genius of so many centuries, we shall see stretching out like a black blot the odious shadow of the odious column built up of riveted iron plates.” Signers of this letter included Messonier, Gounod, Garnier, Gerome, Bougeureau, and Dumas.
Novelist Guy de Maupassant — who claimed to hate the tower — supposedly ate lunch in the Tower's restaurant every day. When asked why, he answered that it was the one place in Paris where one could not see the structure. Today, the Tower is widely considered to be a striking piece of structural art.
One of the great Hollywood movie clichés is that the view from a Parisian window always includes the tower. In reality, since zoning restrictions limit the height of most buildings in Paris to 7 stories, only a very few of the taller buildings have a clear view of the tower.
The shape of the tower was therefore determined by mathematical calculation involving wind resistance. Several theories of this mathematical calculation have been proposed over the years, the most recent is a nonlinear integral differential equation based on counterbalancing the wind pressure on any point on the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that point. That shape is exponential. A careful plot of the tower curvature however, reveals two different exponentials, the lower section having a stronger resistance to wind forces.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the tower has been used for radio transmission. Until the 1950s, an occasionally modified set of antenna wires ran from the summit to anchors on the Avenue de Suffren and Champ de Mars. They were connected to long-wave transmitters in small bunkers; in 1909, a permanent underground radio centre was built near the south pillar and still exists today. On 20 November 1913, the Paris Observatory, using the Eiffel Tower as an antenna, exchanged sustained wireless signals with the United States Naval Observatory which used an antenna in Arlington, Virginia. The object of the transmissions was to measure the difference in longitude between Paris and Washington, D.C.
The original lift from the second to the third floor were also of a water powered hydraulic design supplied by Léon Edoux. Instead of using a separate counterbalance, the two lift cars counterbalanced each other. A pair of 81 metre long hydraulic rams were mounted on the second level reaching nearly half way up to the third level. A lift car was mounted on top of the rams. Ropes ran from the top of this car up to a sheave on the third level and back down to a second car. The result of this arrangement was that each car only travelled half the distance between the second and third levels and passengers were required to change lifts halfway walking between the cars along a narrow gangway with a very impressive and relatively unobstructed downward view. The 10 tonne cars held 65 passengers each or up to 4 tonnes.
Major plot element that Eiffel Tower has been in movies.
In some cases the tower is the key plot element or a significant plot element:
1949: In The Man
On The Eiffel Tower, the tower plays a central role, and the climax involves a
climbing chase that predates the Mount Rushmore scene in North by Northwest.
1951: In The Lavender Hill Mob, models of the tower are central to the plot, and
the climax takes place on the real tower.
1985: The James Bond film A View
to a Kill contains a scene in the tower, including scenes in the Jules Verne restaurant
there (filmed elsewhere), a fight on the stairway, and a BASE jump off the top
of the tower. The video for the title song feature the members of Duran Duran
as assassins and spies in or around the tower.
1985: Alistair Maclean's novel
Hostage Tower features an audacious scheme to capture the tower and use the threat
of its destruction to extort millions from the French government. The story was
later made into a telemovie with the same title.
2007: Featured in Rush Hour
3 as the climax battle. Portions of the fight was actual footage of the famous
landmark, whilst other sequences were replicated built sets.
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