* 753 BC - The founding of Rome across these eras people
have stayed in huts inns or hotels in Rom,e when visiting.
* 509 BC - End
of Roman Kingdom, constitution of the Roman Republic
* 451 BC - With the publishing
of the Laws of the 12 Tables, the Roman law is born
* 343 BC-146 BC - Roman
expansion and conquer of Italian peoples (Etruscans, Samniti, Tarentini), African
peoples (Carthage), ellenic peoples (Macedones, Greeks), Asian peoples (Syrians,
Rhodenses, Pergamus), Gaulish peoples (Ligures, Caenomanes, Veneti), and Iberian
peoples (Lusitani, Celtiberians).
* 133 BC-123 BC - Democratical reformations
by Gracchi
* 44 BC - Julius Caesar murdered
* 31 BC-14 BC - Age of Augustus,
end of civil wars (pax romana) and transformation of the republic into the Roman
Empire
* 64 - Rome on fire, under Nero
* 96-192 - greatest territorial
extension of the Empire, under Nerva, Traianus, Adrianus and the Antoninii
* 395 - Death of Theodosius the Great, division of the Empire, Rome becomes the
capital city of Western Roman Empire
* 410 - Visigoths sack Rome
* 800
- On Christmas, Charlemagne is crowned Imperator of the Sacred Roman Empire by
Pope Leo III
* 1095 - First Lateran Council, Roman curia made sole responsible
of the papal election
* 1144 - Founding of the Comune (town council) of Rome
* 1347 and 1354 - Popular government by Cola di Rienzo, while popes are in Avignon
* 1527 - Rome is sacked by Lansquenets
* 1798-1799 - The first Roman republic
* 1848-1849 - The second Roman Republic (leaded by Giuseppe Mazzini and Aurelio
Saffi), Pope Pius IX out of town
* 1870 - Bersaglieri, selected troops of
Sardinian army, enter Rome by Porta Pia
* 1871 - Rome is the capital city
of Italy Some in hotels say this is now the capital.
* 1929 - With the Lateran
Pacts (Concordato), Italy and Vatican settle respective borders, attributions,
competences. The Holy See looses its temporal power outside Vatican City
*
1946 - The king leaves Italy, that becomes a republic, most of the royal patrimony
in the town is attributed to the city Council
See: Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic, Roman Empire Some may stay in hotekls hgere
After the chute of Roman Empire, Rome would have soon became the capital city of the Pontiff State, the territorial entity ruled by the Papacy that would have lasted until 1870, when Italy was unified by the former king of Sardinia. During this long period Rome became the worldwide centre of the Christianity and increasingly developed a relevant political role that made it become one of the most important towns of the Old Continent. In art, if Florence became the center of Umanesimo and Rinascimento (Renaissance), Rome was the center of baroque, which architecture deeply invaded its central areas.
In the 16th century a central area was delimited around Portico d'Ottavia, for the creation of the famous Roman Ghetto, an area in which Jews were forced to live in.
Roman urbanistic situation reflects the stratification of the succeeding epochs, with a wide historical center; this today contains many areas from Ancient Rome, very few areas from Quattrocento (mainly around piazza Farnese), lots of churches and palaces from baroque times. The historical centre is varily[?] identified as within the limits of ancient imperial walls. Some central areas were reorganised after the unification (1880-1910 - Roma Umbertina), and some important additions and adaptations made during the fascism, with the discussed creation of Fori Imperiali and the founding of new quartieri (among which Eur, San Basilio, Garbatella, Cinecittà and, on the coast, the restructuring of Ostia) and the inclusion of bordering villages (Labaro, Osteria del Curato, Quarto Miglio, Capannelle, Pisana, Torrevecchia, Ottavia, Casalotti). These expansions were needed to face the huge increase of population due to the centralisation of the Italian state.
During WWII Rome suffered some heavy bombings (notably at San Lorenzo) and battles (Porta San Paolo, La Storta) and was considered an "open town" (as in the film by Roberto Rossellini).
After the war Rome continued to expand, mainly for a similar reason of increased number of inhabitants (this time due to the development of the state administrations and the progressive turning of general national economy from mainly agricultural to modern industrial schemes), with the creation of new quartieri and suburbs; the current estimated number of inhabitants is appr. 3,5 millions, but it has been estimated that in working time more than 5 million people are in the town. They were 138,000 in 1825, 244,000 in 1871, 692,000 in 1921, 1,600,000 in 1961.
The Grande Raccordo Anulare, the round motorway that surrounds most part of it, is more than 80 km long.
Being the capital city of Italy, Rome hosts all the principal institutions of the nation, like the Presidence of the Republic, the government (and its single Ministeri), the Parliament, the main judicial Courts. the diplomat representatives of all the countries for the states of Italy and Vatican State (curiously, Rome also hosts, in the Italian part of its territory, the Embassy of Italy for the Vatican State, a unique case of Embassy within the boundaries). Many international institutions are based in Rome, notably cultural and scientific, or humanitarian ones like the FAO.
Rome is today one of the most important touristic destinations of the world, due to its immense patrimony of archaeological and artistic treasures, as well as for its unique traditions and the beauty of its views and its "villas" (parks). Among the most interesting resources, plenty of museums (i.e., Musei Capitolini, Musei Vaticani, Galleria Borghese, and really many others), churches, historical buildings, the monuments and ruins (Foro Romano) as well as other ancient retrievals as Catacombe.
It is commonly identified by several proper symbols, among which the Colosseum, the she-wolf (Lupa), the imperial eagle, or by the symbols of Christianity. The famous acronym S.P.Q.R., standing for Senatus PopulusQue Romanus (but other declensions might apply), recalls the ancient age and the unity between Roman Senate and population.
It is called "The Urbs", "caput mundi" (head of the world), "eternal town".
The town's colors are yellow and red (granate).
Rome has two own holidays, on April 21 (the founding of Rome), and on June 29 (the patron Saints, Peter and Paul). Other dates too are locally important, like December 8 (the Immaculate Conception) and January 6 (Epiphany).
Among the hundreds of churches, Rome has four main Basilicas: St. Peter's, San Giovanni in Laterano, Santa Maria Maggiore, San Paolo fuori le mura. The Bishop of Rome is the Holy Father, obviously helped by a Vicario (usually a Cardinal) for his pastoral activity.
Proverbs:
* When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
* All roads lead to Rome. so to its
hotels too.
* Rome wasn't built in a day.
During its long history, Rome has always received not lots of native inhabitants, so by tradition it is distinguished a "true" roman after his family has lived in Rome for no less than 7 generations: this is the original "Romano de Roma" (in Romanesco, the local dialect of italian). Lots of hotels here then.
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