A Biography of John Edwards
Born
June 10, 1953, Seneca, South Carolina
Nationality American
Political party
Democratic
Spouse Elizabeth Edwards
Profession Attorney, Politician
Religion
Methodist
Johnny Reid "John" Edwards was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 2004, & a one-term U.S. Senator from North Carolina. On December 27, 2006, he announced his entry into the 2008 Presidential election.
Edwards was a trial lawyer before entering politics. He defeated incumbent Republican Lauch Faircloth in North Carolina's 1998 Senate election & during his six-year term sought the Democratic nomination in the 2004 presidential election.
He eventually became the Democratic candidate for Vice President, the running mate of presidential nominee Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts. After Edwards & Kerry lost the election to the incumbents George W. Bush & Dick Cheney, Edwards began working full time at the One America Committee, a political action committee he established in 2001, & was appointed director of the Center on Poverty, Work & Opportunity at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Law. He was also a consultant for Fortress Investment Group LLC.
Early life, education, & family
Edwards was
born on June 10, 1953 to Wallace R. Edwards & Kathryn "Bobbie" Wade
in Seneca, South Carolina. The family moved several times during Edwards' childhood,
eventually settling in Robbins, North Carolina, where his father worked as a textile
mill floor worker, eventually promoted to supervisor; his mother worked as a postal
worker postal letter carrier when his father left his job. Edwards was the first
person in his family to attend college. He first attended Clemson University &
later transferred to North Carolina State University. Edwards graduated with a
bachelor's degree in textile technology in 1974 from North Carolina State University,
& later earned his law degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, both with honors.
While at UNC, he met fellow student & eventual partner Elizabeth Anania, who is four years his senior. They married in the summer of 1977 & have four children. Their son, Wade, was born in 1979 & daughter Cate followed in 1982. In 1996, Wade, age 16, was killed in a car accident when strong winds swept his Jeep off a North Carolina highway. Following Wade's death, Edwards & his wife chose to have children again: Emma Claire, born 1998, & Jack, born in 2000. The Edwards family now lives on a farm Orange County, in the Raleigh/Durham/Chapel Hill metro area of North Carolina.
On November 3, 2004, the day Kerry & Edwards conceded defeat in the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election, Elizabeth Edwards revealed that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer. She was treated via chemotherapy & radiotherapy, & has continued to remain an activist for women, cancer patients, the Democratic Party, & her husband's One America Committee. On March 22, 2007, the Edwardses announced that her cancer had returned to her rib, but that she was asymptomatic & expected to continue her activities in his Presidential campaign while being treated.
Legal
career
Four Trials by John EdwardsBoth Edwards & his wife began private
practice with law firms in Nashville, Tennessee. Edwards became an associate at
the law firm of Dearborn & Ewing in 1978, doing primarily trial work, defending
a Nashville bank & other corporate clients. The Edwards family (John, Elizabeth,
& son Wade) returned to North Carolina in 1981, settling in the capital of
Raleigh.
Before entering politics, Edwards was a personal injury trial attorney. He represented families & children, & specialized in corporate negligence & medical malpractice claims. Edwards made his personal fortune through his trial successes & his 2003 financial disclosure forms showed a total net worth between $12.8 & $60 million. Edwards was criticized for paying himself mostly through subchapter S corporate dividends, rather than a salary, to take advantage of a tax-law loophole that allowed him to avoid paying $591,000 in Medicare taxes; Edwards claimed that he chose the subchapter S structure to protect his assets from liability.
Edwards' first important case was a 1984 medical malpractice lawsuit. In that case, Edwards won a $3.7 million verdict on behalf of his client who suffered permanent brain & nerve damage after a doctor prescribed a drug overdose of anti-alcoholism drug Antabuse. In 1985, Edwards obtained a $5.75 million settlement in a cerebral palsy case for medical malpractice during childbirth, representing Jennifer Campbell, a five-year-old cerebral palsy patient. This established the North Carolina precedent of physician & hospital liability for failing to determine if the patient understood risks of a particular procedure. During the trial, it has been argued that Edwards relied more on his verbal skills as a trial lawyer than on actual science. While delivering his summary, Edwards said that "I have to tell you right now — I didn't plan to talk about this — right now I feel her [Jennifer], I feel her presence...[Jennifer's] inside me & she's talking to you."
The biggest case of his legal career was a 1997 product liability lawsuit against Sta-Rite, the manufacturer of a defective pool drain cover. The case involved a Raleigh, North Carolina girl, Valerie Lakey, who was disemboweled by the suction power of the pool drain pump when she sat on an open pool drain whose protective cover other children at the pool had removed, after the swim club had failed to install the cover properly. Despite 12 prior suits with similar claims, Sta-Rite continued to make & sell drain covers lacking warnings. In his closing arguments, Edwards spoke to the jury for an hour & a half without referring to notes. It was an emotional appeal that made reference to his son, Wade, who had been killed shortly before testimony began in the trial. Mark Dayton, editor of North Carolina Lawyers Weekly, would later call it "the most impressive legal performance I have ever seen." The jury awarded the Lakeys $25 million, the largest personal injury award in North Carolina history. The company settled for the $25 million while the jury was deliberating punitive damages, rather than risk appeal. For their part in this case, Edwards & law partner David Kirby earned the Association of Trial Lawyers of America's national award for public service.
In December 2003, during his presidential campaign, Edwards (with John Auchard) published Four Trials, a biographical book focusing on cases from his legal career.
Political career
Senate term
John Edwards Senate PortraitBoth the success of the Lakey case & his son's
death (Edwards had hoped his son would eventually join him in private law practice)
prompted Edwards to leave the legal profession & seek public office. A Democrat,
Edwards won election to the U.S. Senate in 1998 against incumbent Republican Senator
Lauch Faircloth. Despite originally being the underdog, Edwards beat Faircloth
by 51.2% to 47.0% — a margin of some 83,000 votes.
During President Bill Clinton's 1999 impeachment trial in the Senate, Edwards was responsible for the deposition of witnesses Monica Lewinsky & fellow Democrat Vernon Jordan.
During the 2000 presidential campaign, Edwards was reported to be on Democratic nominee Al Gore's vice presidential nominee "short list" (along with John Kerry & Joe Lieberman, Gore's eventual pick). In November 2000, People magazine named Edwards as its choice for the " sexiest politician alive ."
Edwards served on the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence & U.S. Senate Committee on Judiciary.
During his Senate term Edwards cosponsored 203 bills. He cosponsored Lieberman's S.J.RES.46, the Iraq War Resolution, & also later voted for it in the full Senate to authorize the use of military force against Iraq, but subsequently apologized for that vote. Edwards also supported & voted for the Patriot Act. Among other positions, Edwards generally supported abortion rights, affirmative action, & the death penalty. Among his first sponsored bills was the Fragile X Research Breakthrough Act of 1999. He was also the first person to introduce comprehensive anti-spyware legislation with the Spyware Control & Privacy Protection Act. He also advocated rolling back the Bush administration's tax cuts & ending mandatory minimum sentencing for non-violent offenders.
Edwards supported the expansion of the H-1B visa program to increase the number of work visas for immigrant workers. Edwards generally supported expanding legal immigration to the United States while working with Mexico to provide better border security & stop illegal trafficking.
Before the 2004 Senate election, Edwards announced his retirement from the Senate & supported Erskine Bowles, former White House Chief of Staff, as the successor to his seat; Bowles, however, was defeated by Republican Richard Burr in the election.
2004 presidential
campaign
Edwards unofficially began his presidential campaign as early as 2001,
when he began to seek speaking engagements in Iowa, the site of the nation's first
party caucuses. On January 2, 2003, he announced formation of an exploratory committee,
allowing him to begin fundraising while not officially campaigning. On September
15, 2003, Edwards unofficially announced his intention to seek the 2004 Democratic
Presidential nomination, on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, thus fulfilling a
promise he made as a guest during the show's coverage of the 2002 midterm elections.
The next morning, Edwards made the announcement officially from his hometown.
He declined to run for reelection to the Senate in 2004 in order to solely focus
on his presidential run. Edwards' campaign was chaired by North Carolina Democratic
activist Ed Turlington.
As Edwards had been building support for a presidential bid essentially since his election to the Senate, he led the initial campaign fundraising, amassing over $7 million during the first quarter of 2003, more than half of which came from individuals associated with the legal profession, particularly Edwards' fellow trial lawyers, their families, & employees.
Edwards' campaign was often characterized by the American news media as populist. His stump speech spoke of "two Americas", one composed of the wealthy & privileged, & the other of the hard-working common man.
After campaigning for most of 2003, Edwards' campaign struggled to gain substantial support in the Democratic Party. In early 2004, weeks before the Iowa caucuses, Edwards began to gain momentum & poll numbers began to rise steadily. Edwards' late-stage momentum carried him into a surprising second place finish in Iowa with the support of 32% of caucus delegates, behind only John Kerry's 39% & ahead of former front-runner Howard Dean at 18%. Edwards finished with 12% support in the New Hampshire primary one week later, in fourth place behind Kerry, Howard Dean, & Wesley Clark. The following week, during the February 3 primaries, Edwards won the South Carolina primary, lost to Clark in Oklahoma, & lost to Kerry in the other states. Edwards also garnered the second largest number of second place finishes, again falling behind Clark.
Edwards on the campaign trail in 2004.After Dean's withdrawal from the contest, Edwards became the only major challenger to Kerry for the Democratic nomination. He finished with 34% of the votes & second place to Kerry in the Wisconsin primary on February 17.
Edwards largely avoided attacking Kerry until a February 29, 2004 debate in New York, where he attempted to put Kerry on the defensive by characterizing the front-runner as a "Washington insider" & by mocking Kerry's plan to form a committee to examine trade agreements.
Edwards' campaign ended after a disappointing finish in the Super Tuesday primaries on March 2, when Kerry finished well ahead in nine of the 10 states voting that day. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. He announced his official withdrawal at a Raleigh, North Carolina press conference on March 3, 2004. News of Edwards' withdrawal from the race made major media outlets relatively early on the evening of Super Tuesday, at about 6:30 p.m. CST, before polls had closed in California & before caucuses in Minnesota had even begun. This influenced many people in Minnesota to vote for other candidates, which may partially account for the strong showing of Dennis Kucinich in that state.[original research?] Edwards did win the presidential straw poll conducted by the Independence Party of Minnesota.
After withdrawing from the race, he went on to win the April 17 Democratic caucuses in his home state of North Carolina, making him the only Democratic candidate besides Kerry to win nominating contests in two states.
2004 Vice Presidential
nomination & campaign
On July 6, 2004 Kerry announced, first in an
email to his supporters & later in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that Edwards
would be his vice presidential running mate. Kerry's decision was widely hailed
by Democratic voters in public opinion polls & by Democratic leaders in interviews.
According to sources close to Kerry, other individuals said to have been under
consideration for the vice presidential nomination by the Kerry campaign were
Iowa Governor Tom Vilsack, Illinois Senator Richard Durbin, Florida Senator Bob
Graham, Clark, & Congressman Richard Gephardt (the New York Post had incorrectly
reported a day earlier that Kerry had decided on Gephardt for the running mate
slot). Though Ralph Nader & many Democrats supported the nomination, others
criticized Kerry because of Edwards' perceived lack of experience. In particular,
the nomination caused the business community, including the Chamber of Commerce
network, to throw its support to George W. Bush when they had been neutral in
previous presidential elections, because of Edwards' opposition to tort reform.
The highlight of Edwards' campaign for the vice presidency was the debate with incumbent Dick Cheney, in which the Vice President blindsided Edwards with the false charge that they had never met before, & blamed this on Edwards' frequent absences from the Senate to campaign for the Presidency. Later, the media found at least one videotape of a Cheney/Edwards meeting.
Post-Senate activities
Edwards
is a candidate for the 2008 U.S. presidential election; his concession speech
at the close of the 2004 race hinted at his continued presidential ambitions:
"You can be disappointed, but you cannot walk away. This fight has just begun."
The following day, he announced that his wife Elizabeth had been diagnosed with
breast cancer. Coincidentally, a few months earlier, in February 2004, doctors
suggested that the distinctive mole on Edwards' upper lip might be developing
cancerous properties; he had it removed, although it turned out to be benign.
Senator Edwards & Prime Minister Tony BlairDuring the months that followed
Edwards was courted by a number of organizations; he told interviewer Larry King
that he doubted he would return to his occupation as a trial lawyer & showed
no interest in the possibility of becoming the Democratic National Committee chairman,
a post sought by fellow nomination contender Howard Dean. He finally chose to
accept an offer from his alma mater, the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, of a part-time faculty position as director of a new "Center on Poverty,
Work & Opportunity" at the university. Shortly before the November 2004
election Edwards purchased a parcel of land in Orange County, where he now lives
with his family.
In February 2005, Edwards headlined the "100 Club" Dinner, a major fundraiser for the New Hampshire Democratic Party. That same month, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill announced that he had been appointed as director of the Center on Poverty, Work & Opportunity in the university for studying ways to move people out of poverty. That fall, Edwards toured 10 major universities in order to promote "Opportunity Rocks!", a program aimed at getting youth involved in the fight against poverty.
On March 21, 2005, Edwards recorded his first podcast[ with his wife. Several months later, in August, Edwards traveled to Waterloo, Iowa to deliver an address to the state's chapter of the AFL-CIO, a potential key supporter in the Iowa caucus. In the following month Edwards sent an email to his supporters & announced that he opposed the nomination of Judge John Roberts to become Chief Justice of the United States. He was also opposed to the nomination of Justice Samuel Alito.
In 2005, Edwards joined the Wall Street investment firm Fortress Investment Group as a senior adviser.
Sen. Edwards & Sen. Kennedy campaigning for raise of minimum wageDuring the summer & fall of 2005, he toured the country, promoting various progressive causes. He visited homeless shelters & job training centers & spoke at events organized by such groups as ACORN, the NAACP, & the SEIU. He spoke out in favor of an expansion of the earned income tax credit, a crackdown on predatory lending, an increase in the capital gains tax rate, housing vouchers for minorities to integrate upper-income neighborhoods, & a program modeled on the Works Progress Administration to rehabilitate the Gulf Coast following the effects of Hurricane Katrina. In low-income Greene County, North Carolina he unveiled the pilot program for College for Everyone, an educational measure he promised during his presidential campaign, in which prospective college students will receive a scholarship for their first year in exchange for ten hours of work a week.
On November 14, 2005, he wrote an op-ed in the Washington Post in which he expressed regret for his vote supporting the Iraq War in 2002, & discussed three solutions for success in the conflict. Previously, Edwards had defended his vote. In an October 10, 2004 appearance on Meet the Press, Edwards told Tim Russert "I would have voted for the resolution knowing what I know today, because it was the right thing to do to give the president the authority to confront Saddam Hussein...I think Saddam Hussein was a very serious threat. I stand by that, & that's why [ John Kerry & I ] stand behind our vote on the resolution." In a February 4, 2007 appearance on Meet the Press, Edwards told Russert "over time, when I reflected on what I thought was going to be necessary going forward, to have some moral foundation to work on issues like poverty & genocide, things that I care deeply about, I could no longer defend this vote. It was pretty simple. & I got to the place I felt like I had to say it & had to say it publicly. & so—what? — a year — a year or so ago I did that."
Edwards was co-chair of a Council on Foreign Relations task force on United States-Russia relations alongside Republican Jack Kemp, a former congressman, Cabinet official, & vice presidential nominee. The task force issued its report in March 2006. On July 12, the International Herald Tribune published a related op-ed by Edwards & Kemp.
On April 6, 2006, Edwards joined Ted Kennedy at a rally for raising the minimum wage.
Edwards announced his presidential candidacy for 2008 on December 27, 2006. Though he was expected to announce it a day later, his campaign Web site was accidentally launched a day early.
2008 presidential campaign
On December 27, 2006,
Edwards' campaign website accidentally released that Edwards would be entering
the 2008 Presidential election when it went live for a short time one day prior
to Edwards' planned announcement in the Eastern New Orleans area of New Orleans.
He also inadvertently released his campaign slogan early as well: "Tomorrow
begins today." This ended months of speculation about whether or not Edwards
would make a second run for President. On December 28, 2006, Edwards officially
announced his candidacy for President in the 2008 election.
The most recent national polls show Edwards placing third among the Democratic field, behind Senator Hillary Clinton & Senator Barack Obama. The most recent polling of the early primary states (see Opinion polling for the Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008) shows Edwards leading in Iowa & in either 2nd or 3rd place in Nevada & New Hampshire.
Edwards' campaign has stated that its main focus is on eliminating poverty, fighting global warming, & providing universal health care. These goals reflect the more progressive campaign Edwards is running compared to his 2004 campaign when he did not focus on global warming & universal health care as issues. One of Edwards' most notable policy opinions since announcing his candidacy has been denouncing a troop surge in Iraq, coining it the McCain Doctrine. Edwards has said that he is not ready to take a position on the issue of same-sex marriage, stating that he is "just not there yet". In 2004, Edwards stated that he was opposed to same-sex marriage, although he also opposed a Constitutional amendment against it, saying the issue should be left to individual states to decide. Edwards does now offer support for civil unions & partnership benefits. In 2004, Edwards expressed reservations about civil unions, saying that he did not think the country was ready for it & that it should be left up to the states.
David Bonior, a former House Democratic Whip from Michigan, is serving as Edwards' campaign manager. Bonior brings strong relationships with organized labor, as well as experience in grassroots campaigning. Kate Michelman, a nationally prominent abortion rights activist & former leader of NARAL, has joined the campaign as a senior adviser, charged with outreach to women.
On January 14, 2007 Edwards spoke at New York City's Riverside Church where Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his April 4, 1967 anti-war Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence speech. In the speech Edwards criticized silence on the "escalation of the war in Iraq." In the speech he also spoke on AIDS in Africa, energy independence & the impending increase in the minimum wage.
Since his campaign kicked off, Edwards has faced growing questions about potential conflicts between his campaign against poverty & the way he lives his life personally. The questions began in January 2007 with stories about Edwards' recently-purchased 28,200-square-foot home valued at over $6 million. It continued in April 2007, when FEC records revealed that Edwards had paid $400 for a haircut on 2 separate occasions & billed it to his campaign committee. Edwards responded to the haircut story by saying that he was "embarrassed" by it & explained that it was so high because the stylist had to travel to where he was to give the cut. Finally in May 2007, Edwards was dogged by questions about his work for the hedge fund Fortress Investment Group. Edwards responded that he took the job at Fortress in order to learn more about the way financial markets & poverty were linked. When asked why he didn't just take a university course about the subject, Edwards replied that "It was primarily to learn, but making money was a good thing, too". Edwards has so far refused to disclose exactly how much money he made, saying that the information will be released in his scheduled financial disclosure forms due May 15, 2007.
Fortress hired Edwards as an adviser in October 2005, nearly a year after his losing campaign as Democratic vice presidential candidate. At the time, it owned a major stake in Green Tree Servicing LLC, which rose to prominence in the 1990s selling subprime loans to mobile-home owners & now services subprime loans originated by others. Subprime loans are aimed at buyers with poor credit histories & charge higher rates because of the risks. Some loans carry fees & large rate increases that are hidden from a home buyer. In addition, John Edwards has raised at least $167,700 for his campaign from individuals associated with Fortress Investment Group
On February 6, two newly-hired staff members responsible for the Edwards campaign blog came under fire from The Catholic League[54] regarding comments they had made in their personal blogs prior to joining the campaign which the League considered to be anti-Catholic. Edwards refused to fire them, saying that while "intolerant language will not be permitted from anyone on my campaign...I also believe in giving everyone a fair shake".[55] The bloggers issued statements separating their personal blogs from the campaign, but Amanda Marcotte resigned a few days later, saying that the League's harassment was interfering with her ability to do her job.
On March 2, Ann Coulter used the epithet "faggot" in what she claimed afterward was meant as a one-liner joke about presidential candidate Edwards, a remark for which she was criticized by pundits on the left & the right. Edwards responded to Coulter's remark, saying: "I think it's important that we not reward hateful, selfish, childish behavior with attention...".
On April 1, after the deadline for the fund raising for the first quarter of 2007, Senator Edwards campaign announced that they raised over $14 million for his bid for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination & over $1 million for the general election. Almost $3.3 million of the $14 million was raised from over 37,000 contributions made over the Internet.
On April 22, Joe Trippi, former Howard Dean Internet strategist, announced that he will join Edwards campaign as part of media team & also senior adviser.
On April 25, Edwards released a list of 44 politicians & other public figures in New Hampshire who have endorsed him, including three State Senate leaders, giving him the most New Hampshire endorsements of any candidate currently in the race.
Elizabeth Edwards'
medical condition
On March 22, 2007, Edwards & his wife announced that
she was diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer, with newly discovered metastasis
to the bone & possibly to her lung. They said that the cancer was "no
longer curable, but is completely treatable" & that they planned to continue
campaigning together with an occasional break when Ms. Edwards requires treatment,
saying "The campaign goes on strongly." This ended erroneous media speculation
prior to the press conference that Edwards would announce a suspension of his
campaign.
Universal healthcare
On February 5, 2007, Edwards unveiled
his plan for universal health care. The plan subsidizes health insurance purchases
for poorer Americans, & requires employers to offer health insurance through
the Medicare system as one option for their workers. Since Medicare has lower
administrative costs — under 4%, versus 20% or more for many HMOs —
Edwards believes that individuals will be able to save on health care by using
the public option. While it is not a single-payer plan, the plan states that "over
time, the system may evolve toward a single-payer approach if individuals &
businesses prefer the public plan." & make Medicare the defacto national
health program.
Edwards said "The bottom line is we're asking everybody to share in the responsibility of making health care work in this country. Employers, those who are in the medical insurance business, employees, the American people — everyone will have to contribute in order to make this work." More specifically:
Employers: Employers would be required to either cover their
employees or to pay a payroll tax that will be used to partially fund regional
health insurance pools (called "Health Markets") that are overseen by
the federal government.
Medical Insurance Businesses: Insurance companies
must compete to win the right to be one of the providers in these Health Markets
& must provide full comprehensive care (including mental health parity). In
addition, one of the insurance plans will be directly provided by the federal
government (similar to, but separate from Medicare).
Employees: Individuals
who are not covered by their employers or by an expanded Medicaid program (covering
individuals & families with incomes up to 250% of the poverty level) or Medicare
will be required to purchase insurance from these Health Markets.
American
People: The cost of the plan would be paid for by eliminating previous passed
tax cuts for people earning more than US$200,000 per year.
Electoral history
2004
Race for U.S. President & Vice President
George W. Bush/Dick Cheney (R)
(inc.), 51% (286 electoral votes)
John Kerry/John Edwards (D), 48% (251 electoral
votes)
John Edwards (D), 0% (1 electoral vote)
Others, 1% (0 electoral
votes)
1998 General election for United States Senate
John Edwards (D),
51%
Lauch Faircloth (R), 47%
Others, 2%
1998 Democratic primary for
United States Senate
John Edwards (D), 51%
D. G. Martin (D), 28%
Ella
Scarborough (D), 10%
Others, 11%
This site was written in May 2007
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