3 South American Dictators

3 Evil South American Dictators

Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (November 25, 1915 - December 10, 2006) was a general and President of Chile. He led a military junta to power in 1973 through a coup d'état, deposing the elected Socialist President Salvador Allende and establishing a military government. In 1974, Pinochet had himself appointed president and remained in power until 1990.
Claiming that Chile was under siege by communist subversives, Pinochet implemented a series of security operations, with support from the United States and other South American military governments, in which around 3,000 suspected or known dissidents and leftists were killed and around 30,000 more were tortured. He later implemented economic reforms which his supporters credit with the development of the robust modern Chilean economy and his opponents identify with large increases in unemployment, poverty and decline in real wages, with little effect on long-term economic performance.
At the time of his death in 2006, more than 300 criminal charges in Chile were still pending against him for human rights abuses and embezzlement during his rule. Pinochet remains a polarizing figure in many parts of the world, dividing people who condemn him for human rights abuses from those who credit him with stabilizing Chile and preventing a Communist takeover.
Investigations started in 2004 allege that Pinochet had transferred the equivalent of 26 million U.S. dollars to foreign bank accounts.

Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina (October 24, 1891-May 30, 1961) was the head of state of the Dominican Republic from 1930 until 1961, occupying the office of President of the Republic in 1930-38 and 1942-52. At the end of his final term, he engineered his continued rule of the country as de facto head of state, or dictator. Trujillo was commonly nicknamed, by the country's citizens, "El Chivo" ("the Goat," it being a promiscuous animal) in allusion to his many adulterous relationships.
Although the cult of Trujillo was strong among some Dominicans, many Dominicans hated "El Jefe" (the chief as he was called.) The first organized opposition developed late in the 1940's. Exiled Dominicans flew fourteen sea planes into the Dominican Republic on June 14, 1949
Elitist misrule, & disorder in the Dominican R. let US own customs,
In 1906 repaying it's debts, to the US & world,
From 16-24, the US army govern,
And set up a new regime,
The leader is elected in 30,
That skillfully did away of critics, there,
Its family steals assets to 61,
As brutal executing & evil,

Often receiving anti-Marxist US aid,
Worldwide's inventions seep to cities, but poverty & oppression kept,
Among the green hills, & villages,
Where many live as I said up in valleys, & former plantations,
And also forests, & such,
5mil, Dominica R, still lives under it's terrible grey cloud,
It's ruling family makes 30/80,000kills, with many refugees, fleeing, & many dying,
But they fled, & were happily killed in 61,
The US aids regimes' democrats, for a change,

Who see in 63 elect Bosch peasants inspirer liberal,
Who is secular, & pro-wages,
Who business predictably called a Communist,
With may in the US, believing it, especially elites,

In 63, there is a army coup,
And in 65 a civil war, as rebels rebel, against repression against them,
& their Ps, & revolt,
US troops protect assets, halt Bosch's, who were going to win for less deaths,
Liberating the people,
They fix conservative's election, 4000die, ½ by regime in massacres,
Rest by battles to 74,
There is US tourism, loans, wealth, which gets the land money, for deals,
In helping US domination, & business domination,
Just like the deal with Spain, in Europe, for some nations with it,
Maybe in the future right wing polemics,
Will claim the deaths were leftist propaganda, but they did occur, I know that,

A Iffy-democracy, restricts Bosch to not run in 70,
78his PRD man won, had to beat huge debt, stopping Haitian immigrants slavery,
Low sugar prices/army plots, harm the stability & economy,
PRD led to 86, 60die 84riot, improves in more democracy, freer 90s elections,
Right just won early 90s V Bosch iffily,
Leftists mid,
GDP grew,
Price-tax replaced tariffs,
And there were new world trade deals,
With the masses quite poor,
In 2002 the PRD won 41% in elections, the right 30% & the left 24%,
With Pres won by the right,

The Parsley Massacre
In pursuing blanquismo, (whitening the population) he allegedly ordered Dominican troops to massacre 20,000 dark-skinned Haitian sugar cane workers in 1937, an action that he claimed was a sovereign response to the Haitian government's support of exiled Dominicans who were working to overthrow him. One other problem was that to consolidate his authority on the ill-defined border between the two countries, Trujillo was in need of vacating the foreign squatters who in many cases were illegaly occupying the land. The US demanded that Trujillo pay reparations, which Trujillo bargained down to $500,000. The Haitian workers were identified as immigrants, and then murdered by the truckload, if they could not pronounce the letter r in "perejil", the Spanish word for parsley. This action firmly established the Haitian-Dominican border at Río Massacre, or Massacre River (a river that was in fact named after the slaughter of French Pirates in the 17th century). He then settled the border region with Haiti, relocating Dominican families to new agricultural developments there.
US Poet Laureate Rita Dove wrote of the massacre in her poem, Parsley:
There is a parrot imitating Spring
in the palae, its feathers parsley green.
Out of the swamp the cane appears ...
El General has found his word: perejil.
Who says it, lives. He laughs, teeth appearing
out of the swamp. The cane appears
in our dreams, lashed by wind and streaming.
And we lie down. For every drop of blood
there is a parrot imitating spring.
Out of the swamp the cane appears.
Dr. François Duvalier, known as "Papa Doc" (c. April 14, 1907[1] - April 21, 1971), was the President of Haiti from 1957 and later dictator (President for Life) from 1964 until his death. His rule was marked by autocracy, corruption, and reliance on private armies (see Tonton Macoute) to maintain power.

Born in Port-au-Prince to a family
There are many estimations of how many people he killed
o Papa Doc, François Duvalier 1957-71
§ Encarta: 2,000 killed by 1967
§ LC [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/httoc.html]: 30,000 k for political reasons 1957-71
o Duvalier Dynasty (1957-86):
3,000 democides (Rummel)
15,000 disappeared (Grenville)
50,000 k (27 April 1986 Toronto Star)
60,000 k (9 Dec. 1998 [London] Guardian)
60,000 k (16 July 1986 L.A. Times)
Between 1981-87, 9,000 Haitian refugees were repatriated by US Coast Guard. US Embassy estimated that for every 1 returned, 1 drowned. (10 May 1987 St. Petersburg Times)
As says http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat5.htm#Haiti
rom Martinique, he was raised and trained as a doctor, serving in rural areas. There he won acclaim for helping the poor fight typhus and other diseases. He married Simone Ovide in 1939, and became director general of the national health service in 1946. In 1949, he served as minister of both health and labor. After opposing the coup of Paul Magloire, was forced into hiding until an amnesty in 1956.
Through the extensive use of assassins, armed gangs, and the national army, Duvalier won the 1957 Haitian election; he had campaigned as a populist leader, using a noirist strategy of challenging the mulatto elite (who has created a class structure that divided the country) and appealing to the Afro-Haitian majority.
Duvalier revived the traditions of vodou and later used them to consolidate his power, claiming to be a houngan , or vodou priest, himself. Duvalier deliberately modeled his image on that of Baron Samedi in an effort to make himself even more imposing; he often donned sunglasses and talked with the strong nasal tone associated with the Loa.
After surviving an attempted coup in mid-1958, Duvalier purged the army. He then formed a personal militia in 1959 known as the Voluntary Militia for National Security (MVSN, better-known as the Tonton Macoutes; actually, they preferred the title "Silver Militia") which was patterned after the blackshirts of Fascist Italy. The macoutes made no official salary and as such made their living through crime and extortion. Duvalier further formed a group of personal bodyguards known as the Presidential Guard. In 1961, he rewrote the constitution and then staged a single-candidate sham election; the official count was 1.32 million votes for Duvalier and none against. He declared himself President for Life in 1964, and his regime soon grew to be one of the most repressive in the hemisphere.
In 1966, Duvalier persuaded the Vatican to allow him to nominate the Catholic hierarchy for Haiti. On an ideological level, this perpetuated the notion of black nationalism by allowing the country to appoint its own bishops. It also allowed Duvalier to expand his control to encompass religious institutions.
In addition to his pervasive control over Haitian life, Duvalier also fostered an extensive personality cult around himself, claiming to be the physical embodiment of the island nation.
Duvalier's corruption and repression provoked an unfavorable response from the Kennedy administration in the United States, which attempted to seek a moderate alternative in hopes of preventing another Cuban-style revolution. However, U.S. pressure and sanctions against Haiti eased in 1962, as the administration "grudgingly" accepted Duvalier as a bulwark against communism. Duvalier would later claim that Kennedy's assassination had come because he had placed a curse on him.
In April 1963, Haiti was almost attacked by the Dominican Republic. However, a lack of senior military support for Dominican president Juan Bosch prevented the invasion. The conflict was mediated by the OAS.
Within the country Duvalier used both political murder and expulsion to suppress his opponents; estimates of those killed are as high as 30,000. Attacks on Duvalier from within the military were treated as especially serious; in 1967 bombs detonated near the Presidential Palace led to the execution of twenty Presidential Guard officers. Such tactics kept the country in his grip until his death in early 1971, leaving his 19-year-old son Jean-Claude Duvalier as his successor.
Beginning in 1967, Texas entrepreneur Don Pierson came into contact with representatives of the Haitian government in Washington, DC, while he was attempting to lease a ship that had been used by Swinging Radio England broadcasting off the coast of England. In 1971 this marketing effort resulted in a 99-year contract being drawn up between financial interests represented by Don Pierson and the government of Haiti for the development of a free port on the island of Tortuga. However, Duvalier died before the deal was agreed upon.
Jean-Claude Duvalier expropriated the entire Freeport Tortuga venture after learning of a new multi-million dollar contract between Pierson and the Gulf Oil corporation, which caused the project to collapse.
In 1986, 15 years after his death, a mob of Haitian people stormed the supposed burial place of "Papa Doc" Duvalier, to ritually beat his body, and assure he could never rise on Judgement Day. However, they were disappointed to find his body had been removed, and as a result, the mob went after one of Duvaliers supporters to exhume and ritually beat to "death".

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