The Shoshone are a Native American tribe with three large divisions: the Northern, the Western & the Eastern. The Northern Shoshone are concentrated in eastern Idaho, western Wyoming, & north-eastern Utah. The Eastern lived in Wyoming, northern Colorado & Montana. Conflict with the Blackfoot, Crow, Lakota, Cheyennes, & Arapahos pushed them south & westward after about 1750. The Western ranged from central Idaho, northwestern Utah, central Nevada, & in California about Death Valley & Panamint Valley. This group is sometimes called the Panamint. The Idaho groups of Western Shoshone were called Tukuaduka (sheep eaters), while the Nevada/Utah ones were called the Gosiute or Toi Ticutta (cattail eaters).
The estimated population of Northern & Western Shoshone was 4,500 in 1845. 3,650 Northern Shoshone & 1,201 Western Shoshone were counted in 1937 by the United States Office of Indian Affairs.
The Northern Shoshone fought conflicts with settlers in Idaho in the 1860s which included the Bear River Massacre & again in 1878 in the Bannock War. They fought alongside the United States Army in the 1876 Battle of the Rosebud against their traditional enemies, the Lakota & Cheyenne.
In 1911 a small group of Bannock under a leader named "Shoshone Mike" killed four ranchers in Washoe County, Nevada. A posse was formed, & on February 26, 1911, they caught up with the band, & eight of them were killed, along with one member of the posse, Ed Hogle. Three children & a woman who survived the battle were captured. The remains of some of the members of the band were repatriated from the Smithsonian Institution to the Fort Hall Idaho Shoshone-Bannock Tribe in 1994.
In 1982, the Western Shoshone, who also invited "unrepresented tribes", made a declaration of sovereignty & began issuing its own passports as the Western Shoshone National Council.
Reservations
Rabbit-TailWind River Reservation, population 2,650 Eastern Shoshone, 2,268,008
acres (9,178 km²) of reservation in Wyoming are shared with the Northern
Arapaho
Fort Hall Indian Reservation, 544,000 acres (2,201 km²) in Idaho,
Lemhi & Northern Shoshone with the Bannock Indians, a Paiute band with which
they have merged
Lemhi Indian Reservation (1875–1907) in Idaho, Lemhi
Shoshoni, removed to Fort Hall Reservation
Duck Valley Indian Reservation,
southern Idaho/northern Nevada, Western Shoshone
Ely Shoshone Indian Reservation
in Ely, Nevada, 111 acres (0.45 km²), 500 members
Fallon Paiute-Shoshone
Reservation near Fallon, Nevada, 8,200 acres (33 km²), 991 members, Western
Shoshone & Paiute
Goshute Indian Reservation, 111,000 acres (449 km²)
in Nevada & Utah, Western Shoshone
Skull Valley Indian Reservation, 18,000
acres (73 km²) in Utah, Western Shoshone
Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation,
Nevada & Oregon, Fort McDermitt Paiute & Shoshone Tribe
Reno-Sparks
Indian Colony, Nevada, 1988 acres (8 km²), total 481 member of Shoshone,
Paiute, & Washoe bands
Duckwater Indian Reservation, located in Duckwater,
Nevada, approximately 75 miles from Ely.
Nevada Shoshone Indian Reservation,
near Carson City, Nevada, 211 members
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