Visa Credit CardThe Website Visa Credit Card Visa Inc. (NYSE: V), commonly referred to as VISA (Visa International Service Association), is a multinational corporation based in San Francisco, California, USA. The company operates the world's largest retail electronic payment network, managing payments among financial institutions, merchants, consumers, businesses and government entities. Before Visa Inc's IPO in early 2008, it was operated as a cooperative of some 21,000 financial institutions that issued and marketed Visa products including credit and debit cards. In 2006, according to The Nielson Report, Visa held 44% of the credit card market share and 48% of the debit card market share in the United States In 1958, Bank of America launched its pioneering BankAmericard credit card program in Fresno, California The product idea was that of a bank branch manager, who stopped by a local store and observed clerks in a back room preparing customers' monthly bills. It struck him as inefficient to spend so much time (and money) to prepare and collect bills that were often for paltry amounts, and he wondered if the process could be efficiently centralized, with his bank's computer preparing the bills in off-hours. The original goal of the company was to offer the system across California; however in 1965 the bank began subscribing licensing agreements with a group of banks outside of California. Over the following 11 years, various banks licensed the card system from Bank of America, forming a network of banks backing the BankAmericard system across the United States. | ![]() | |
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* In Canada, an alliance of banks (including
Toronto-Dominion Bank, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Royal Bank of Canada,
Banque Canadienne Nationale and Bank of Nova Scotia) issued credit cards under
the Chargex name from 1968 to 1977.
* In France, it was known as Carte Bleue
(Blue Card). The logo still appears on many French-issued VISA cards today.
* In the UK, the only BankAmericard issuer for some years was Barclaycard.
In
1970, Bank of America gave up control of the BankAmericard program.[citation needed]
The various BankAmericard issuer banks took control of the program, creating National
BankAmericard Inc. (NBI), an independent non-stock corporation which would be
in charge of managing, promoting and developing the BankAmericard system within
the United States, although Bank of America continued to issue and support the
international licenses themselves. By 1972, licenses had been granted in 15 countries.
In 1974, IBANCO, a multinational member corporation, was founded in order to manage
the international BankAmericard program.
Sample Barclaycard (left), as issued
in the UK in the 1960s/70s. Co-branded cards were also issued by affiliates, such
as the Co-operative Bank and Yorkshire Bank. The Chargex logo (right) used in
Canada, along with the names of the 5 Canadian federal banks that issued Chargex
cards. Sample Barclaycard (left), as issued in the UK in the 1960s/70s. Co-branded
cards were also issued by affiliates, such as the Co-operative Bank and Yorkshire
Bank. The Chargex logo (right) used in Canada, along with the names of the 5 Canadian
federal banks that issued Chargex cards.
Sample Barclaycard (left), as issued
in the UK in the 1960s/70s. Co-branded cards were also issued by affiliates, such
as the Co-operative Bank and Yorkshire Bank. The Chargex logo (right) used in
Canada, along with the names of the 5 Canadian federal banks that issued Chargex
cards. In 1976, the directors of IBANCO determined that bringing the various international
networks together into a single network with a single name internationally would
be in the best interests of the corporation; however in many countries, there
was still reluctance to issue a card associated with Bank of America, even though
the association was entirely nominal in nature. For this reason, in 1975 BankAmericard,
Chargex, Barclaycard, Carte Bleue, and all other licensees united under the new
name, "Visa", which retained the distinctive blue, white and gold flag.
NBI became Visa U.S.A., and IBANCO became Visa International. The term Visa was
conceived by the company's founder, Dee Hock. He believed that the word was instantly
recognizable in many languages in many countries, and that it also denoted universal
acceptance. Nowadays, the term VISA has become a recursive backronym for Visa
International Service Association. In October 2007, Bank of America announced
it was resurrecting the BankAmericard brand name as the "BankAmericard Rewards
Visa." Visa Debit is a major debit card issued by Visa in the United Kingdom
and Ireland. Prior to October 2004 the debit card was known as Visa Delta. As
of June 2009, all of the major banks in the UK are either issuing Visa Debit or
will be in due course - Barclays, Abbey, Halifax/Bank of Scotland and Lloyds TSB
already issued the card, with HSBC having started migrating to it in early 2009
and RBS and NatWest due to adopt it in the latter part of the year. The scheme
is also used by many smaller banks and building societies (some of whom had also
previously been Switch issuers) including the Co-operative Bank, First Trust Bank,
Alliance & Leicester, Northern Rock, Reliance Bank, Nationwide and Coventry
Building Society. Visa Electron is a debit or credit card available across most
of the world, with the exception of Canada, Australia, and the United States.
The card was introduced by VISA in the 1980s and is a sister card to the Visa
Debit card. The difference between Visa Electron and Visa Debit is that payments
with Visa Electron require that all the funds be available at the time of the
transfer (i.e., Visa Electron card accounts cannot be overdrawn). As a comparison,
Visa Debit cards allow transfers of unavailable funds below a certain limit. As
a result, some online stores and all offline terminals (e.g., onboard trains or
planes) do not support Visa Electron because their systems cannot check for the
availability of funds.
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